Talia Kaufmann
Literature II
Prof. Logan Esdale
5th October 2016
The Question of Racial Identity
Set at the dawn of the Reconstruction period, a time of supposed national renewal and modernization, Charles Chesnutt’s The House Behind the Cedars exposes the reality of an utterly medieval post Civil War South. Chesnutt explores the role of race in shaping one’s true identity through the experiences of two bi-racial siblings, John and Rena Walden, as they transcend the biological color barrier. Inspired by her older brother 's decade of splendid success living as an apparently pure white man, an existence free of all the restrictions she encounters as a bi-racial individual, Rena agrees to abandon and reject her black identity with devastating consequences. A largely didactic novel, driven by Chesnutt’s motivation to explore the nuances of racial identity in an era in which racial identity was presumed to be a biological certainty, Rena’s character and the devastating conflicts she faces are his vehicle to portray his own deeply personal journey of self identification. The House Behind the Cedars serves as a metaphor for Chesnutt’s own life and the internal struggles he faced as a biracial individual. Chesnutt achieves both a certain omnipresence and intimacy in his writing through the integration of elements of his personal biography into the novel. Much of the novel and its “mulatto” protagonists, Rena and John, are based on Chesnutt’s life as a bi-racial
Part of the definition of ethnic identity can often times be the common rejection of other ethnic values for a specific reason. This rejection of influence from other ethnicities seemed to be quite a common theme in all of the novels reviewed in our selection, but most abundant in Coming of Age in Mississippi, by Anne Moody. In this novel there was consistent conflict among black slaves due to the turmoil endured throughout lives in which rich, white plantation owners were served. Many slaves, and freed slaves that maintained the same duties with pay when awarded their freedom, were fed up with working for men that had treated them so poorly in the past. Lack of employment options
Charles Chesnutt was a well-known African American author who was known for his short stories that conveyed racist African American dialect and conveyed his wishes for equality and social and political change for African Americans. The purpose of this paper is to delve into Chesnutt’s short story “The Goophered Grapevine” to define the way Chesnutt manipulated his audience and worked towards white sympathy for the black community. Chesnutt knew that if he attempted his goal with his white audience’s knowledge, they would resist and he would therefore be unsuccessful. Therefore, Chesnutt needed to disguise the motive of the story so he could affect his audience without their knowledge of his manipulation. Chesnutt did so through the use of storytelling with three characters that served to show the three sides of the racial divide. Through the use of storytelling, Chesnutt used the three main characters in “The Goophered Grapevine as a whole to represent and show the different sides of the racial divide and manipulate his audience into sympathizing with the black society in order for social and political change; Uncle Julius functioned as the storyteller as well as the black society, John functioned as the white side of the community who resisted change, and Annie functioned as the side of the white community that sympathized with the black community and sought political and social change for the black community.
Based on historical events, Charles Chestnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition, gives human details to produce a vivid picture of life in the south after the failure of reconstruction. His work has many underlying themes among which are the use of the press to stir already volatile emotions through propaganda, class structure not only along color lines but within races, and the effects of the white supremacists’ agenda on the integrity of those who claimed to be morally advanced. Through this story, Chesnutt allows the reader to enter the minds of the characters to show how change will not take place until both whites and blacks detach themselves from traditions that seem to be engraved on their
The poem “White Lies” by Natasha Trethewey, gives the reader a glimpse of Trethewey’s troublesome upbringing in a biracial family during a time when biracial marriage was illegal in the deep South. Trethewey’s poems tend to have a deeper meaning and several secreted messages. The poem, “White Lies,” is a prime example of Trethewey’s phenomenal work and conveys an important, and quite dejected, message. Trethewey clearly defines her attitude as embarrassed and ashamed of her upbringing in a biracial family.
Throughout the eighteenth century, many fugitive slaves wrote narratives to express their experience as a slave. Fredrick Douglass’s Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave and Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl are two famous examples in which the writers demonstrate their perspective as slaves and dangerous, agonizing life. Nevertheless, there are also many dissimilarities between these narratives, including gender based treatments, main character’s first steps towards freedom, and main character’s personality.
Slavery is perhaps the largest and ugliest blemish on the supposed “perfect” face of the American dream. History books recount decades of Caucasian Americans exerting their dominance over those of different, racial background. Perhaps the most discussed is the enslavement of the African-American population in the name of privilege and progress. Tensions culminate throughout the years until finally, the only thing powerful enough to destroy this evil empire rears its ugly head: war. It is no surprise then, that such a powerful and disgusting time is the subject of a vast amount of literary works. Two well-known authors who tackle this painful topic are Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. Both Douglass and Jacobs provide deep insights into the life of slavery by recounting their actual experiences. These autobiographies possess great power, though they are by no means carbon copies of each other. There are more familial elements in Harriet’s account than Douglass’s, providing a more complex view in Harriet’s case. In addition, while both slaves clash with their masters, Douglass relies on more straightforward tactics. Meanwhile, Harriet relies on cunning to outwit those who oppress her. These differences ensure uniqueness without sacrificing a powerful impact. Indeed, both accounts provide a powerful, personal peek into the everyday life of a slave, alerting the reader in a way that no other work can.
Charles W. Chesnutt, a well-educated mulatto man, lived his life on ‘the color line.’ Chesnutt’s skin was very light and was sometimes mistaken for a white man. Chesnutt chose to identify himself as a black man, but in his works, his characters move back and forth across the color line and struggle with the world they exist in. The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line was published one year before The House Behind the Cedars and included the short story, “A Matter of Principle,” where Chesnutt clearly begins to explore what options are available to a mulatto man and his family, which will later
In the 1979 novel, Kindred, Octavia E. Butler writes of an African American woman who is "called" by her ancestor Rufus Weylin, who is the son of a plantation owner, to not only keep him alive, but also to ensure that her (what would be several times) grandmother is born. Though the novel is told from Dana 's (the main character) point of view, there are several instances where the reader is given a glimpse into the background of other characters ' lives, which helps the reader to gain a new perspective. In Kindred, perspective is key to understanding how the dark years of slavery shaped the views of both the slaves and Whites. This essay will analyze as well as compare five different dichotomies of characters ' views and experiences of
In some approaches enslaved African American families very a great deal resembled other households who lived in other instances and places and under vastly unique instances. Some husbands and better halves cherished each different; some did now not get alongside. Children on occasion abided by determine’s policies; different instances they followed their own minds. Most mother and father cherished their children and desired to shield them. In some critical approaches, even though, the slavery that marked everything about their lives made these families very specific. Belonging to every other individual delivered unique constrictions, disruptions, frustrations, and ache.
In Passing, Nella Larsen deconstructs the idea of race related to skin color and challenges the dangers of “passing” into the white world as a black person. She tells the story of Irene Redfield, a reserved and methodical woman who coincidentally encounters her childhood friend, the fierce and seductive Clare Bellew. They both pass as white, but while Clare controls the situation to her own advantage, Irene unconsciously uses it to build and guarantee her security. In the essay “Passing: Race, Identification, and Desire,” Catherine Rottenberg explains how the “compelling race identification” creates a desire to assimilate whiteness, – while trying to remain true to blackness - which most likely is the origin of Irene’s fears. Meanwhile, in
This week’s reading in chapter thirteen covered the “Land of Hope,” which was considered the North for African Americans. The textbook covers the migration of African-Americans north, as they settled into places in the Midwest and Northeast. The cities in the Midwest and Northeast were filled with people from European and African descent, and once people in the South heard of the lives of friends that moved northward, even more people migrated to the north. The book discusses one particular plantation in Georgia,
In the film Sugar Cane Alley, the journey of a young orphan boy is illustrated in the island of Martinique located right outside France in the 1930s. The protagonist, Jose, must reside with his grandmother who must do the jobs of poor black’s which includes washing clothes and working the sugar cane plantations for the rich white’s in town. Jose manages to see the significant social and economic gaps through the multiple characters around him even after the abolition of slavery. This gap is further supported through the visits to the capital, Fort-de-France, where Jose gains the opportunity to further his education through a scholarship offer. As this educational journey progresses, the audience is able to see comparisons to Van Onselen’s article, traditional African roles, and the social tensions experienced by the mulattos in a predominantly black and white population.
Chestnutt genuinely embraces the challenges of tradition and presents them in a unique way as well. The Marrow of Tradition provides a sociological outlook about race relations post slavery and pre-civil rights movement. Chestnutt focuses on the disenfranchisement of the black man as well as the advocacy of staunch white supremacy. Chestnutt conveys deeply rooted ancestral traditions widely held by white supremacists and challenges those traditions throughout the novel.
In hopes of reconstructing the term ‘”race”, Eubanks incorporates personal anecdotes to appeal to his audience’s side of logic and empathy. Eubanks begins his story with a personal anecdote detailing how he came across a secret photograph of a white man in his grandmother’s closet. Eubanks says, “My parents kept my grandfather’s portrait hidden because in 1960s Mississippi, with all its racial paranoia, displaying the picture in our living room would have been risky, if not impossible.” He evokes feelings of pathos by eliciting his readers to be afraid as to what would happen to his family, because he wants his readers to imagine how dangerous it was to be related to someone who was white and the dangers from being related to them. Next, Eubanks goes on to divulge a little history about the American south during the 1950s and “60s.
In “The Piano Lesson” each character acknowledge slavery’s influence differently. This paper explores the legacy of slavery in the African American characters, slavery’s lingering power over the Charles family, how each character breaks free, and how past enslaving shapes the attitudes and behaviors of each character. "I think we must get rid of slavery or we must get rid of freedom”, Ralph Waldo Emerson. The Piano Lesson reflects on the trials and triumphs of a family affected by the enslaving of their ancestors and by current racial prejudice. A piano, which bears the carved images of their enslaved ancestors accounts for the conflict that the Charles family face.