Analysis Of Citrate And Its Various Salts Essay

Aspirin Recrysalization Data Table Actual Mass (g) 0.41 Actual MP (ºC) 123-125 Expected Mass (g) 0.533 Expected MP (ºC) 135 Percent Recovery 77% Percent Error 8%

In Part C of the experiment, the process completed in Part B was performed again on the six Kool-Aid drink samples: black cherry, cherry limeade, grape, mixed berry, strawberry, and tropical punch. The cherry limeade, grape, mixed berry, and tropical punch samples were undiluted stock solutions that were used in the SpectroVis. The black cherry solution was diluted with a 2-fold dilution. The 3 mL of black cherry solution was diluted with 3 mL of deionized water. This was done because the Red 40 dye was too concentrated. The strawberry solution was first diluted by a 2-fold but the absorbances values were too high and fell outside the acceptable range of 0-1. Therefore, 8 mL of strawberry solution was diluted with 12 mL of deionized water. These values for all of the solutions were recorded in Table 5. The solutions were emptied down the sink. All the glassware and cuvettes were rinsed with deionized water and dried. The volumetric flasks and caps were returned to the appropriate containers.

Abstract: One mixture of two unknown liquid compounds and one mixture of two unknown solid compounds were separated, isolated, purified, and characterized by boiling point. Two liquid unknowns were separated, isolated, and purified via simple distillation. Then, the process of an acid-base extraction and washing were used to separate two unknown compounds into two crude compounds: an organic acid and a neutral organic compound. Each crude compound was purified by recrystallization, resulting in a carboxylic acid (RCO2H) and a pure organic compound (RZ). The resulting mass of the pure carboxylic acid was 1.688g with a percent recovery of 31.80%, the boiling range was 244-245 °C, and its density was 2.0879g/mL. The resulting mass of the pure organic solid was 2.4902g with a percent recovery of 46.91%, the boiling range was 52.0-53.4°C, and its density was 1.5956 g/mL.

The titration method had the best correlation coefficient of the entered data. The crystallization method had the most accurate slope for the

An experiment was done to determine the concentration of Allura Red in a commercially available beverage, Gatorade. This was done by using the colorimeter, the absorbance of five Allura Red solutions were measured. The graph obtained demonstrated a linear relationship and the equation obtained yielded a concentration of 1.9910-6M.

The mass percent of water was determined using the mass of water and dividing it by the total mass of the hydrate and then multiplying that answer by 100%. The number of moles of water in a hydrate was determined by taking the mass of the water released and dividing it by the molar mass of water. The number of moles of water and the number of moles of the hydrate was used to calculate the ratio of moles of water to moles of the sample. This ratio was then used to write the new and balanced equation of the dehydration process. The sample was then rehydrated to the original state and the percent of the hydrate recovered was calculated by using the mass of the rehydrated sample by

Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances.

Introduction: The goal or purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of Allura Red in red commercially available beverage- Gatorade. Colorimeter are used to shine a LED light through the solution and hit a photocell: it will detect an absorbance or a percent transmittance value. These “value” can be charted and examined as a calibration curve. Calibration curve is a method for determining a substance concentration in an unknown sample

A small beaker was placed under the arm of the distillation head to catch the distillate. Foil was wrapped around the neck of the round-bottomed flask and a wet paper towel was wrapped around the arm of the distillation head to create a condenser. The flask was heated gently so that the distillate dropped at a rate of two drops per minute. The temperature was recorded as every drop was collected. The distillation began at around 55.0 ℃. The distillation was stopped after 29 drops were collected to prevent the solution from being distilled to dryness. See attached data. The known boiling point of 1-butanol is 117.5 ℃ (Lemonds). The known boiling point of 1-propanol is 97 ℃ (Thiyagarajan). The known boiling point of acetone is 56 ℃ (Forss). The known boiling point of 2-butanone is 79.6 ℃ (Jiang). For unknown #3 the boiling point of the first substance seemed to be around 56 ℃ and the boiling point of the second substance seemed to be around 111 ℃. Therefore unknown #3 seemed to be a mixture of acetone and 1-butanol.

In this lab we performed four test. Using these test we discovered how the chemicals compounds Citric Acid, Calcium Chloride, Sucrose, Potassium Iodine, Phenyl Salicylate , and Sodium Chloride reacted to heat and many solutions. We also noticed that Phenyl salicylate was the least reactive out of all chemical compounds. Using the information discovered from the lab we were able to separate the chemical compounds into two groups. In group one were the chemical compounds Calcium chloride, Citric acid, Potassium iodide, Sodium chloride, and Sucrose these chemical compounds reacted to three of the four test. Group two was just Phenyl salicylate which reacted to only one of the four test. We also were able to state that group one was a covalent compound group and, group two was an ionic compound

The purpose of this lab was to determine the percent cobalt and oxalate by mass, and with that information, the empirical formula for cobalt oxalate hydrate, using the general formula Coa(C2O4)b.cH2O.

The activated carbon thus formed was washed with sodium hydroxide solution and double distilled water until the pH of the wash liquor becomes 7. The banana peel activated carbon (BPAC) thus, obtained was dried, powdered and stored in a sealed bottle. The pictorial representation of the preparation of BPAC is given in Fig. 1. 2.2 ADSORPTION OF ANTHRACENE Anthracene adsorption

The amount of soda ash needed for the experiment was calculated using the following equation: sample weight of unknown=0.1103M (18ml×150.99)/(10×2× %〖Na〗_2 〖CO〗_3 ) An analytical balance was used to weight the calculated amount of soda ash. A piece of weighing paper instead of a weighing boat was used. The mass was recorded. The weighed soda ash was transferred into a 250 mL beaker, then the sample was dissolved in approximately 70 mL of water. The pH meter and electrode was obtained, rinsed with DI water, and calibrated using pH 7 and pH 4 buffer. A burette was obtained, mounted on a ring stand, and filled with the standardized HCl solution, that was prepared in Experiment 2. Since magnetic stirring bars and stirring plates were not available, the students

In this experiment, the Ksp for calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4·2H2O, by titrating 4 times a calcium sulfate dihydrate solution with diprotic EDTA, H2(EDTA)2-. For each trial we found the Ksp by means of molarities and activities. The results for the Ksp using only molarities was very different than the Ksp using activities. The average Ksp using molarity only was 2.26 x 10-4 and the average Ksp using activity turned out to be 2.31 x 10-5. The actual Ksp however, is 3.14 x 10-5. A percent error of 26.6 % was calculated.

For citrate utilization part, the Simmon’s citrate agar was inoculated with bacteria A and B and incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, Simmon’s citrate agar for bacteria A remains green which was a negative reaction. For bacteria B, the colour change from green to blue which was a positive reaction. The positive reaction indicates the bacteria uses citrate as carbon source while negative reaction indicates the bacteria unable to utilize citrate as carbon source. The pH indicator was bromothylmol blue which detect the change of the colour of the agar. Yellow colour indicates acidic pH , green indicates neutral pH and blue indicates alkaline pH. The growth of bacteria on the agar as well as the production of bicarbonates, ammonia and ammonium