Analysis Of Dmf - A New Biofuel Essay

Dimethyl Ether is the most widely used propellant in aerosol cans in the United States (85%). Based on DuPont knowledge, national production of DME is 15 to 20 million kilograms in the United States. This production is distributed across the following primary uses: industrial feedstock for the product of other chemical substances (31%), hairsprays (48%), spray paints (6%), insect repellents/insecticides (6%), adhesives (5%), household cleaners (1%), dusters (1%), tire inflators

This simple experiment is carried out to show the difference in the enthalpy change of combustion between two fuels, hexane and methanol. These fuels are individually weighed before and after used as heat source to heat water in a calorimeter. The result is used to find out amount of heat transferred by the fuel, amount of fuel used and the enthalpy change of combustion.

These HFCs do not break down therefore adding to the impending global warming issue. The new innovation made by 3m sparked great interest in teams to try and reduce their impact on the global warming issue. The statement by the company was “Novec 1230 fluid is not only a highly effective fire extinguishant, but also has a very short (5-day) atmospheric lifetime and a global warming potential of 1 – about the same as naturally-occurring carbon dioxide. Moreover, it offers the widest margin of human safety of any chemical clean agent, CO2 or inert gas mixture. (Follow the Leader). The Novec 1230 fluid is the company's newly designed fluid to help put fires out. Each car has a fire extinguishers but also track crews in case of a fire. This new fluid has a very short lifetime which is 5 days. It is a big step forward from traditional extinguishers. It is only as bad as carbon dioxide found in nature. The company also released a statement saying “Traditional halon and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) clean agents have high global warming potentials and pose significant long-term sustainability issues” (Follow the leader). The original fluid used had a combination of the elements hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon which in turn made a very harmful clean agent. The combination of these three created a rough situation. This included a harmful effect on the impending global warming

Furthermore, after the addition of PODE3-4 to the mixed fuel, CO emissions further reduced owing to the higher cetane number and better combustibility of PODE3-4. At fixed BMEP values, the CO emissions from the combustion of BD20 were the highest, followed by BDP10 and BDP20, all of which were higher than pure diesel. THC emissions show similar variation trends. Under a large BMEP, the in-cylinder temperatures were relatively high, promoting fuel atomization and evaporation, accelerating the mixing between fuels and air, thus contributing to sufficient combustion and the reduction of THC emissions. Compared to the results from the combustion of D100, the THC emissions from the combustion of mixed fuels were lower, especially after the addition of PODE3-4. This is due to the fact that, after the addition of PODE3-4 with its higher volatility, the nonuniform regions in the gas mixture decreased; the higher combustibility of PODE3-4 also promoted the combustion of the gas mixture

One of our sources said that alcohol burns really good and produces little CO2 and no odor. According to our results, not only is it really efficient, but it had no odor nor did we notice the same amount of emissions as gas and diesel. The diesel performed the least, but research has shown that diesel performs greater with different engines. The engines are engineered to have better traction, thrust, etc. that makes the diesel better. So, gasoline was the only real competition for the alcohol. Gasoline lasted a little less than a minute and alcohol lasted a little more than a minute, and gas heated the water less than the alcohol. Gas is barely better per second, but long term alcohol performs better. The literature points to alcohol performing better and the next breakthrough in alternative

The results of this experiment follow this to an extent as from Fractions 3-1 the distillate collected had a density as followed: .6857, .5719, .5741 respectively. The sources of error that explains why Fraction 2 contained more ethanol concentration as opposed to less is because it is possible that the pocket or valley of the condenser tube next to the clamp as indicated in figure 1 as “A,” is an area where vapor gas particles of ethanol may have been trapped. If these vapor gas particles were able to be released as the distillate for Fraction 2 was collected, Fraction 2 would have then yielded a slightly higher ethanol concentration than Fraction 1, thus density would have decreased instead of increase.

Similarly, different processing technologies affect the energy renewability efficiency of ethanol. The use of ethyl tertiary butyl ether as a fuel oxygenate will increase an ERenEF when compared with the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether is as a fuel oxygenate. Different crop production techniques (e.g. no- till systems as

Based on the data from the viscosity tests, methanol is the best fuel to use due to its low viscosity. As shown by our experiment, methanol took the shortest time to go through the pipette, at two seconds. It was followed by biodiesel, which took 2.98 seconds to go through the pipette. Viscosity is relevant to the ideals of “best fuels” because most of the samples that are known to be fuels are known to have a lower viscosity, which makes sense, as it would be easier for a fuel with a lower viscosity (indicating that it is thinner) to go through a pipette (or an engine), rather than a “fuel’ that has a high viscosity, indicating that it is thick, as it is hard for the engine to process, which is why fuels with lower viscosity would be “better”

Another AFV energy source is methanol, a type of alcohol. Methanol can be produced from a variety of sources such as coal or natural gas, natural gas being the least costly source. The overall effect of import dependency is relatively the same as that of LNG. Denatured alcohol, or ethanol, can be made from corn and other biomass products. The supply within the United States is very limited at best and foreign supply would be required to fill the demands if ethanol AFV numbers increase. Ethanol is used to reformulate gasoline in California as a substitute for the recent reversal of state guidelines to add Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) to gasoline. The total demand within California requires approximately 10% of all ethanol consumed must be imported. Increased demand will increase the need for importation due to California and the United States current production capacity levels. No new ethanol production plants are scheduled for construction at this time therefore guaranteeing the import demands.

For the DME/air mixture, the DME molecule entirely undergoes H-atom abstraction reactions, mostly by ȮH radicals (95.5%), yield methoxymethyl radical (CH3OĊH2). Then, 91.6% of the CH3OĊH2 radical combines with molecular oxygen and yield methoxymethyl-peroxy radical (CH3OCH2Ȯ2) through the reaction CH3OCH2+O2 CH3OCH2O2, a small amount of the CH3OĊH2 radical, accounting for 2.4% also proceeds  - scission to form formaldehyde (CH2O) by CH3OCH2 CH3 + CH2O. After that, about 23.7% of the CH3OCH2Ȯ2 radical consumed by the  - scission pathways and produce CH2O and H radical. Meanwhile, 72.6% of the unstable CH3OCH2Ȯ2 radical

As observed in both experiments and simulations, at 2 atm, DME can slightly inhibiting effect on n-pentane ignition, while at 10 and 20 atm, DME addition did not obvious influence n-pentane ignition. To further understand this phenomenon, reaction pathway analysis of DME, 50%DME/50% n-pentane and n-pentane were conducted at 20% fuel consumption using NUI Galway pentane isomers model.

Jevanni CousinsProfessor ReidSCC 101 Biofuel’s Future in the U.S. and the WorldOne of the major problems confronting the United States and the World today, is the growing lack of fossil fuels and the accrual emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. The United States is still dependent on fossil fuels today such as coal despite numerous efforts to decrease that dependency, and are also relying on imported oil from multiple foreign countries particularly in the Middle East. The use of fossil fuel has generated great anxiety in greenhouse gas emissions and governments from all over the world, including the United States which is leading the effort in combating this issue. The problems have grown so huge in this century that President Barack Obama made it a major initiative during his administration to overcome it. He once said “we cannot drill our way to energy but must fast-track investments in renewable sources of energy like solar power, wind power and advanced biofuels” (Obama). In this paper, I will discuss biofuels, the types biofuels, along with its potential and challenges that it may face in our growing society. In recognition of the issues that exist due to fossil fuels, the United States elective bodies has been preaching the encouragement for the uses of biofuels, which has prompt an increase in

The purpose of this report is to present a comparison of two different HFC compounds to Air Liquide, which is a French multinational company, supplies industrial gases to various industries. This report provides high-level detail on the two types of HFC compounds, their impact on climate, environmental fate, and their safety and economic aspects.

The final values for the energy per mole for all trials can be averaged to reduce random experimental error. Once the calculations above are repeated for all fuel sources, the summarized results can be shown, in comparison to literature values for the heat of combustion to determine the most

And the ideal work recoverable from an expansion engine as LN2 is evaporated at 77 K Additional potential remains for heat sinking by the cold N2 vapor, then brought up to ambient temperature (To = 300 K)or more, is shown or given by the difference in thermodynamic availability,  = h  sTo, between ambient states and liquid . This "reversible work" for liquid nitrogen LN2 is Wr = 800 kJ/kg-N2 and the relatively and corresponding sink efficiency is  = 1.78. Thus, for only a small fraction of the reversible work require to be recovered to gives the cryomobile with a driving range commensurate or start with that of battery- operated or powered vehicles of comparable weight. The relative merits of different ZEV technologies must also be evaluated on considerations (must) other than performance such as environmental friendliness(less emission ) and commuting utility. While the specific energy of liquid nitrogen LN2 or batteries is far below that of hydrocarbon fuels, the internal combustion engine cars cannot operate without polluting emissions and this thus should not be compared with ZEVs.