Analysis Of Eyewitness Testimony

Eyewitness testimonies are based on a person’s ability to recall what took place accurately. Memory research has proven that a person’s memory is not a recording but it is reconstructive. Loftus and Palmer’s study set out to prove that the memory could be reconstructed through the use of language.

The concepts that are covered in the experiment: “Testing the Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony” are how the memory part of your brain works. Also, the colors that help memorization is also included in this experiment.Another thing that is covered in this experiment is whether or not someone is able to regurgitate information back after 20 minutes. Another thing that is covered in this experiment is the types of memory disorders. Tips on how to keep a healthy memory are also included. Also, the steps to creating a new piece of memory is also covered in this experiment. Another thing that is included in the experiment is the timeline as to how we know memory today got there.

The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether people are influenced by leading questions. This experiment is a replication of an experiment conducted by Loftus and Palmer in 1974. In the experiment the independent variable was the verb used (contact, smash). The dependant variable was the speed estimated by the participants when recalling the picture of the crash from their memory. The results gave evidence that specific words could influence the retrieval of a memory. This is caused because of a schema associated with the verb. Contact is a less dramatic verb than smash, leading to different estimated speeds. This same concept results in

Eyewitness identification and testimony play a huge role in the criminal justice system today, but skepticism of eyewitnesses has been growing. Forensic evidence has been used to undermine the reliability of eyewitness testimony, and the leading cause of false convictions in the United States is due to misidentifications by eyewitnesses. The role of eyewitness testimony in producing false confessions and the factors that contribute to the unreliability of these eyewitness testimonies are sending innocent people to prison, and changes are being made in order to reform these faulty identification procedures.

Subjects started by describing fragments of ‘memory’ and then embellishing throughout the interview process. It was also found that subjects were more confident about recalled true events ( average 90.8% confident) than non recalled true events, (41.7%) recalled false events, (44.5%) or non recalled false events (10%). Another interesting result was that in most interviews, less than 30% of the information in the subject’s false memory came from perceptual elements in the picture, most came from guided imagery

Hirst et al examined external influences and found that people were more likely to discuss flashbulb memories. As a result, inconsistent memories were more likely to be corrected. The study therefore rejected the theory of flashbulb memory by providing an alternative explanation of why memories of a tragic event are higher in accuracy.

John Book and Rachel Lapp could never have a successful permanent relationship. Do you agree?

An Article Review of “Memory blindness: Altered memory reports lead to distortion in eyewitness memory” by Cochran et al. (2016)

Even in the absence of misinformation, the quality of eyewitness memory has been found to be time critical (Ebbinghaus, 1913; Wickelgren, 1974; Wixted & Carpenter, 2007). Memory has been show to decay significantly over time and that increasing the delay between encoding and retrieval increases the likelihood of details becoming irretrievably lost (Schacter, Norman, & Koustaal, 1998) and decreases the accuracy of information that is available (Ebbeson & Rienick, 1998; Odinot & Wolters, 2006; Wixted Ebbeson, 1991). This increase in time has also been found to increase the likelihood of encountering misinformation (Odinot & Wolters, 2006), but also of falsely integrating this misinformation into natural memory (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978;

This is a major concern to researchers, especially because they “rely heavily on self-reported information from participants” (Creswell, 2008, p. 522). Based on my personal experience, two common reasons why people provide false data is to provide a happy conclusion, which makes people comfortable, or to victimize because they seek attention. Fortunately, researchers may use several techniques to address the issue of collecting false data. The techniques used include “the collection of multiple field texts, the triangulation of data, and member checking” (Creswell, 2008). These techniques are useful to review and assess the data collected through stories as false or reliable. On the one hand, multiple field texts provide data from various sources, triangulation, and member checking assist in confirming the data provided as well as the findings as per the interpretation of the researcher (Creswell, 2008). Even though gathering stories poses a threat to the study, these techniques are useful to the researcher as he or she ensures the validity of the research.

Likewise, the results showed a clear linkage between the wording of a question and what is recalled

This experimental research is on the suggestibility of memory when leading questions are used to recreate an event.This is a replication of Loftus and Palmer’s 1974 experiment on the correlation between diction and memory. The aim of this study is to see whether “loaded” verbiage in a question can alter the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. The hypothesis states that the verb chosen will influence the eyewitness testimony of an event. The replicated experiment uses an independent measures design with the participants being a convenience/voluntary sample of high school 11th and 12th graders of both genders. When the students were asked,” how fast were the two cars going when they smashed into each other?” the students responded with

The study was conducted to show how altering certain words can influence to the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. The study consisted of two experiments. The first was done on 45 participants who were split into groups of varying sizes and they were shown seven films. In the first study, the independent variable was the verb used in the critical question. These were either, 'hit ', 'bumped ', 'smashed ', 'contacted ' and 'collided '. And the dependent variable was the speed estimation the participant gave. Loftus and Palmer found that the verb 'smashed ' lead to a higher estimated speed when compared to 'contacted '. Their findings were significant at p < 00.5 level. The second experiment was conducted to help the

First evidence is study by Schmolck et al. (2000) which is to examine memory changes about the O.J. Simpson trial verdict after 15 months and 32 months of the incident. The IVs for the study is the time taken for the interview of the participants. The IVs has two levels which are the interview were conducted after 15 months and 32 months of the incident. Meanwhile, the DVs for the study is the percentage of memory distortions after 15 and 32 months of the incident. They surveyed 222 undergraduate psychology students. The participants rated several questions and answered a few questions (how they heard the verdict, where were they and what were they doing when they heard the verdict) after 3 days of the verdict was announced. Then, the 222 students were divided into

Often in times a witness trying to be more helpful by recollecting things they do not remember