Analysis Of Hodgkin's Disease

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer that runs through the lymphatic system of the body. There are four stages: stages one and two being completely treated very easily, and stages three and four are the most crucial and are sometimes not treated. Statically this cancer occurs under the age of thirty five. My mother found out on her thirty fifth birthday.

Four years ago my family came across a cancer that has made our lives a rollercoaster. My sister was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. She put in all she had to fight this monster of a disease, but unfortunately at age 46, she has lost the battle and is on comfort measures through a hospice. This being said, has made me want to know everything I can about Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and given this great opportunity to write a research paper on this disease, gives me the time to be educated on it.

According to Cancer Treatment Centers of America some common symptoms of NHL include fever, night sweats, chills, persistent fatigue, lethargy, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain or swelling, skin rash, itchy skin (pruritus), coughing, shortness of breath, headache, difficulty moving, pain in the chest, abdomen or bones for no reason, and swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarms, or groin. (Non-Hodgkin) Certain symptoms of lymphomas are similar to those of an infection; consequently, doctors usually test for infection and then order a biopsy of the enlarged lymph node or other affected area when they believe that the swelling is not caused by infection. (Test) There are many different types of biopsies. The two most common types of biopsies are excisional and incisional biopsies. An excisional biopsy is when a doctor removes the entire lymph node. An incisional biopsy is when a small part of a larger tumor or node is removed.

Due, to the decreased lymphocyte, the immune system is interfered with causing inflammation and infection. When Hodgkin’s disease is suspected, a physician will use a staging system called Ann Arbor staging system to determine the extent of the disease. Stage I cancer is when one single lymph node is affected above the diaphragm, stage II is when two or lymph node are on the same side above the diaphragm, stage III cancer is when lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm are infected, and stage IV cancer is when the cancer affects vital organs. Based on, the evidence of the case study, the patient would be placed in a stage II category for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Based on the case study the patient prognosis looks good. The patient sought out medical attention in time to begin prompt treatment. Although, recovery may take some time, the patient should follow the physician orders and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma stage I & II require chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery depending on the progression. “The success of cytotoxic/cytostatic therapy in this model varies depending on the therapy-related toxicity for each of the cell populations (Staege, 2015)”. The survival rate is well over 80% with early

There are many factors that facilitate in recognizing health-related symptoms. The book mentions, “when attention is directed toward the body, as by stress, neuroticism, or cues that suggest illness, symptoms are more likely to be detected” (Intro to Health Behaviors, pg.158). For example, they had an example about a guy who goes to the emergency room with his whole family for a sore throat. So, the doctors were wondering why this young man will bring his whole family to cure a sore throat. They come to find out that this young mans brother was diagnosed with hodgkins disease and the first symptom his brother had was a sore throat. Afountenly, his brother did not make it because his family decided to ignore the sore throat thinking that it

Hodgkin Lymphoma is a form of cancer that attacks its victims indiscriminately. Hodgkin disease (Hodgkin lymphoma) is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are part of the immune system ("What is Hodgkin disease?”,2016). Hodgkin Lymphoma is an area in the cancer world where we have made great strides overall in terms of success. We have the highest rate of success in curing Hodgkin Lymphoma vs. other cancers. Although the disease in question acts indiscriminately, the treatment for it does not and is the cause of lower outcomes among certain groups. The outcome for poor Black and Hispanic people is much lower than their Caucasian counterparts (Dallas, 2016)

NHLs are tumors originating from lymphoid tissues, mainly of lymph nodes. Various neoplastic tumor cell lines correspond to each of the cellular components of antigen-stimulated lymphoid follicles. NHL represents a progressive clonal expansion of B cells or T cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells arising from the accumulation of genetic lesions that affect proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, resulting in cell immortalization (Vinjamaram et al,

In the paediatric population, sporadic Burkitt lymphoma usually has an abdominal presentation with massive disease and ascites, involving distal ileum, stomach, cecum and/or mesentery, kidney, testis/ovary and breast, plus bone marrow and/or central nervous system.

Cancer it is a rapid growth of abnormal cells. There is two types of cancers malignant and benign tumor. A tumor is an abnormal mass of cells that grows and divides at a very rapid pace providing no benefit to the body. The difference between them is the malignant is when the tumor affects the functioning of surrounding cells and is the cancerous type of tumor. However a benign tumor is when it does not affect the surrounding cells and tissues and is not the cancerous one. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is a cancer which begin in the cells called lymphocytes and they are located near the cells. The name Hodgkin came from a doctor named Dr. Thomas Hodgkin when was the first person to successfully described the Lymphoma cancer.

A 20-year-old female presents to her primary care physician’s office complaining of a lump on the left side of her neck. She first noticed the lump when taking a shower 6 months ago and has been “keeping an eye on it” ever since. The patient states that it is gradually increasing in size and is painless. She has no other medical problems to her knowledge and has been healthy her whole life. Her vital signs are within normal limits, and physical examination shows a solid, nontender mass on the left side of her neck. The mass measures about an inch in diameter. A biopsy is performed and shows the following:

Radiation therapy is the use special machines to convey high-energy rays that damage cancer cells and stop them from growing. The radiation can be directed to a specific area of the body or the whole body. Some side effects that come from the therapy are fatigue, hair loss, nausea, or red, dry, itchy skin.

The 27 year old female patient was promptly investigated and the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma was timely. Based on the complete work up, diagnosis and results, the patient’s final diagnosis was that she was affected by classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, nodular sclerosis, in stage IV-A (advanced stage), which is based on the Ann Arbor classification which is used for the staging of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In conclusion, this case report is subjective but symbolic because it stresses the importance of early diagnosis, staging and risk assessment of Hodgkin’s disease in primary care settings and internal medicine in order to improve the survival rate of patients. (Bolognesi, M. Bolognesi, D and Pasini, G, 2015)

The disease that I chose is Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NLPHL), a type of cancer, but specifically a type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. I have chosen this because a year ago I was battling it. One day I was a normal teenager and the next, I was getting to know the Hematology Oncology clinic that I’d be spending a numerous amount of days in.

Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and targeted drug therapy are all forms of treatment for ALL. Chemotherapy is typically used as induction therapy for kids and adults. Chemotherapy can also be used in consolidation and maintenance therapies. Chemotherapy is given in a variety of ways. It can be given orally as a pill or liquid. It can be given intravenously by infusion into a vein. A cream on the skin can be given. Chemotherapy can also be given by direct placement either via lumbar puncture or a device placed just under the scalp. Radiation therapy uses high-powered beams, such as x-rays, to kill the cancer cells. Radiation therapy is usually recommended when the cancer has spread to the central nervous

There are two kinds of patients; first kind of patients has no targeted therapy that have to undergo standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy which contain several negative side effects including fatigue, nausea and hair loss respectively, where the cancer prevents