Analysis Of Jessica Stern's The Protean Enemy

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern

Since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, America has been on edge about the topic of terrorism. Groups like Al-Qaeda, Hamas, Taliban, and now more recently, ISIS, has kept the world cautious of their every next move. Looking more closely into how these groups are formed and operate could help us better understand how they can be stopped. Studying the history of terrorist organizations can help us better predict the future of terrorist organizations.

The book “How Terrorism End; Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns”, written in 2011 at the height of Al-Qaeda, the most well-known international terrorist group of our time. The author of this work, Audrey Cronin, at the time of print, served as a professor of strategy at the United States National War College in Washington D.C., and a senior associate at Oxford University’s Changing Character of War Program. Both positions allowed her to impact strategic policy making in the execution of the Global War on Terror by allowing her access to senior military and civilian policymakers. Her previous area of her prior work has been mainly focused on international terrorism with an emphasis on al-Qaeda. She has authored

Over the years, views on women’s roles in society have drastically changed. The gender differences highlighted in Deborah Tannen’s excerpts from You Just Don’t Understand emphasize the differences between women’s desire for intimacy and men’s pull towards independence. By this theory, men tend to drift in the direction of power and self-reliance, which are characteristics of action television shows and movies, whereas women immerse themselves in romance and family oriented media. While The Game of Thrones appeals to males through the fast-paced storyline, the characters of Arya Stark, Sensa Stark, and Daenerys Targaryen break away from Tannen 's stereotypes and empower women watching the series through the ladies’ demonstration of survival and independent judgment, even among formidable males. As a result, both genders are equalized, but women are ennobled in the process.

Terrorism has been conducted throughout the world on numerous occasions. The groups that perform these actions come from multiple countries from all over the world. The United States even has some forms of terrorist groups and individuals. One of the biggest terrorist attacks was the destruction of the Twin Towers carried out by Al-Qaeda. Also recently there has been attacks in Paris and Great Britain, which were ISIS’s plan. The biggest terrorist organizations include the Taliban, Al-Qaeda and quite recently ISIS. The Taliban was founded in 1994, by Mullah Mohammed Omar, and they kill people in the name of jihad. Al-Qaeda was founded by Osama Bin Laden and also kill for jihad. Finally ISIS was founded recently hand continues to grow rapidly. They kill indiscriminately and how they see fit (Ppcorn, n.d.).

International terrorism aspires to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, influence the policy of a government, or affect the conduct of a government and transcend national

“Terrorism's particularly heinous but highly attractive means to achieve political objectives or even radically restructure political foundations is manifest within societies in all reaches of the world. While the practical application of terrorist methodologies comes across as a relatively straightforward craft, the conceptual and ideological understanding, and subsequent evaluation of its socio-political influence, implementation, and psychological impacts present difficult questions, and in some cases conceivably insurmountable obstacles” (Romaniuk 2014, para

The author of She’s Come Undone is Wally Lamb which was published in 1992 by the Washington Square Press. She’s Come Undone is a book of fiction. The intended audience of She’s Come Undone is young adults due to the mention of rape and other mature topics.

Terroristic acts and terrorist themselves change forms and faces. Terrorists are extremely creative in ways of creating destruction and spreading fear. 9/11 terrorists took down World Center towers by airplanes, and 12/19/2016 a truck blowed in to a crowd of Christmas shoppers in Breitscheideplatz in Berlin, Germany killing 12. Both incidents were religion motivated attacks. Most people know what Osama bin Laden looks like, but recently Islamic State in Iraq and Syria have begun using also women as suicide bombers.

The rise of Al-Qaeda in the 1990s and especially following the attacks in 2001, terrorist groups formed rampantly. They became concentrated in areas of the world with turmoil, such as the Middle East and West Asia. Some even formed in a

Acts of terror and their influence are currently being seen in the Middle East through The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). They are also present during “The Global War on Terrorism” in Afghanistan and it involves the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. They have no limits and they have reached our streets. An example is:

Political violence is the leading cause of wars today. Personal agendas have led to many of the political objectives that cause violence today this has caused many problems throughout the world and will continue to do so until a solution to this issue is found. Political objectives have been advanced involuntarily dependent upon the kind of government a nation exercises. For instance, in a democratic nation political groups must worry about convincing the majority in order to advance ethically. Those who try to influence the majority through acts of violence are considered today as “terror” organizations. Though perhaps if it were not because of the recent 9/11 terror attacks that maybe such warrants would not be seen as terror attacks,

There are several terrorist groups throughout the world today. All the terrorist groups have one common goal and that is to rid the world of Americans and western influence from the Muslim world. There is one organization that has ties to most of all the terrorist groups in the world and is the most infamous group in the world today and that is the group called Al-Qaeda The word Al-Qaeda means “the base” in Muslim. As an international terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden. The group seeks to rid Muslim countries of western influence and replace them with fundamentalist Islamic regimes. Al-Qaeda grew out of the of the ashes of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1988, after it helped expel the Soviet

foreign policy? As noted above, these social kinds are multifaceted and historically contingent. Their multifaceted nature, then, lends itself well to being captured along a scale. Consider the following example: Generally speaking (this is more fully developed in the next chapter) by terrorism, purposive social agents have come to mean an act of violence executed by a non-state (quite often, clandestine) organization. The violence is strategically employed to create fear in an audience – the target audience – far larger than the immediate targets of the violence. And, the terrorist organization calculates (terrorism is instrumentally rational undertaking) that this fear will force the target audience to put pressure on their government. This pressure will, in turn, lead to change in government’s policy. Socially constructing terrorism thus, and referring back to Johnson and Joslyn, represents the “less difficult” construction of terrorism (this is fully explained in chapter 4). On the other terminus of the continuum (and of the scale) lies a far “more difficult” construction of terrorism such that the construction of terrorism at the lower level (the “less difficult” construction) does not contain the higher level. Namely, a citizen cannot – contemporaneously – hold both the “less difficult” and “more difficult” constructions of terrorism – or, for that matter,

In the 20th century, terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in ‘third world’