Analysis Of Katia M. De Quieros Mattoso

The modernize approach of religion and traditions of the old African culture now converted into an Afro-Brazilian culture that still has an impact and exists today which is also still celebrated in Brazil. I believe that without slavery, many of the importance of both sides of society selling slaves and buying slaves would not have shaped humanity in the modern world. “Two centuries had seen African and European cultural religious and linguistic habits merging into unique Afro-Brazilian social and religious customs, music, and storytelling (Nellis 62).” The cultural influence of Afro-Brazilians has persistently grew from celebrations like carnaval into a mainstream popular culture. Brazil holds a variety of different ideas, culture and people. These ideas and traditions include musical interests, dancing, different food dishes, literature and art, festivities, and religious practices.

In the late fifteenth century the Portuguese were expanding its kingdom in Africa where it tapped into the existing gold and slave trades of the western Sudan and West Central Africa (Ehret 339). By the early sixteenth century, the Americas became a major player in the global commerce system as the Spanish and Portuguese began to carve at the land and importing and exporting sugar, tobacco, and slaves. Slaves in this moment were the chief commodity that the Portuguese sought from West Central Africa as they provided the free labor that was needed to cultivate and maintain sugar plantations in the Americas. However, the slave trade was not a one-sided system, in fact many African elites, like King Afonso a Nzinga of the Kongo allowed for the buying and selling of African people to Europeans. In other words, Europeans traded with Africa because Africa allowed it to happen, however, there are moment when the demand overshadowed the supply. The slave trade and its many complications is one way in understanding the expanding commercial exchanges between Europeans and West Central Africans during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This essay will analyze the letters King Afonso Nzinga wrote to the King of Portugal, Joao

Throughout the 16th century, as there was a demographic collapse of the indigenous population, there was now a new demand for slave labor in Latin America. In Brazil, the Portuguese needed a large workforce to cultivate sugar plantations. As a result, numerous slaves from Africa were imported to work on large plantation fields. In various plantations, rural slaves experienced harsh working and living conditions. Few slaves had a high life expectancy. Robert Edgar Conrad in “Children of God’s Fire,” shares some primary sources that dealt with the types of environments and conditions many slaves faced and encountered in Brazil. The sources also gave insight into the regulations and economics/business of the slave trade. Conrad states that rural Brazil was “a hell for blacks” (Conrad 54). Many slaves dealt with extremely harsh conditions just to keep the European market in Latin American growing and profitable. This paper will analyze how rural slaves lived and worked on Brazilian sugar plantations.

This thesis is an argument that points how people were misjudge by others and how the slave were mean less for this country. Meanwhile, she remarks analysis of the political and culture of one city (New York). Nevertheless, her work evidences in an emerging nation where the enslaved and the free coexisted.

Afro Brazilians have had to deal with centuries of oppression. During these times, Afro-Brazilians have had to deal with various methods, and strategies designed to keep entire communities oppressed. Many of these methods have had effects so profound, they are still affecting many Brazilians till this day. Political oppression is one of the oldest methods known to man, along with unleashing a forceful police force mimicking military forces. Authoritarian rule also played a major role in the shaping of the country. Furthermore, an inept biased justice system will fail those who need protections, and justice the most. These four key modes will be objectively examined, as well as the efficacy of each of these repressive strategies, and the impact that they have had or still have in the Afro-Brazilian communities.

During Brazil’s first few decades of colonialism, the Portuguese decided that to control the population they would directly enslave them. Captured native people were the ones that labored on the first sugar mills. Native slavery was abolished in Brazil in the 1570s but exceptions were made if a Native was captured during “just war”. Although a loophole existed that allowed for Natives to still be enslaved, by the 1590s it didn’t matter because they were

Several slaves preferred to jump from the boats and die in deep sea than being brought to countries like America and being traded like animals by slave owners. Approximately 12 million slaves were transported to the Americas between the 17th and 19th century in the so called “Trans-Atlantic slave trade”. Portugal was one of the first countries to transport Africans to America to work as slaves in sugar plantations in Cape Verde. This essay will focus on the processes that originated the Atlantic slave trades, how slavery emerged in the United states, and in the post-slavery life of African Americans.

The purpose of this paper is to recognize, study and analyze the race relations in Brazil. Race relations are relations between two groups of different races; it is how these two different races connect to each other in their environment. Since Brazil is racially diverse, this study is focused on how Brazilians relate to each other. Throughout the essay, it will become clear that there exists a conflict between two race groups. Afro-Brazilians and White-Brazilians are not connected and though these two groups converse with each other, discrimination still lies within the society. This discrimination has created inequality within the society for Afro-Brazilians. Thus, this paper will not only focus on racism and discrimination that

Mr. Mdeouze acts as a mentor and he opens Jose’s eyes to the corrupt society and how it in some ways mirrors the past. Although they are free from slavery, their freedom is limited by the labor-controlled economy making any further progress beyond the abolishment of slavery nearly impossible, “…we were free but our bellies were empty.” Mr. Mdeouze does although make one factor clear to Jose and that is the distinct value of

The Portuguese explored vast regions in the Pacific World and conquered territories in South America. Both Portugal and Spain wanted control of territories of land in South America so in order to avoid war they agreed to the Treaty of Terdestilla, where Portugal got what is currently known as Brazil and the Spanish Empire got all the lands west of Brazil. In Brazil the Portuguese needed laborers to help them with their sugar plantations. At first they tried to enslave Native Americans but this was difficult because the Indian could flee into the land and many died from diseases that came from the Western World. The Portuguese solved this problem by enslaving Africans and bringing them to Brazil. In Brazil the Portuguese used their enslaved Africans to work on their sugar plantations and make them wealthy, “Africans constituted the overwhelming majority of the captive labor force that worked the sugar plantations of the Northeast, the region that was at that time the economic engine of the giant Portuguese colony” (Cotroll, 2011). The Portuguese’s brutally exploited these people for their economic benefit. Slaves usually had short lifespans because of how brutally they were treated. The Portuguese Empire’s ruthless conquest goes to show that the Pacific World was a brutal anarchic realm where the powerful ruled over the

Over the past several decades there has been an increase, in Brazil, of people whom self-identify as being black or Afro-Brazilian. What sparked the rise in these identities in Brazil? Was it possible material and intellectual gains or, sparked from activism, or from other possible factors. The black movement and affirmation of “black” identity came about much later in Brazil than in other countries such as the United States. In my opinion the most important factors for the rise in these identities are the material gains from the Quilombo Clause, the effects of affirmative action and quotas, as well as social activism.

“The topic of slavery is like an electric fence. Touch it and people will react.” The history of slavery in Puerto Rico is rather particular as the demand for slaves, and by extension slave labour, developed later than in other regions already dependent on forced labour in the plantations. The purpose of this paper is to offer a comparative critical review of two articles, which examined slavery and its abolition in Puerto Rico during the 19th century. Through a comparative analysis about the causes and effects of the abolition in Puerto Rico presented in Freedom in the making: the slaves of hacienda La Esperanza, Manatí, Puerto Rico, on the eve of abolition, 1868-76 by Astrid Cubano Iguina and The End of Slavery and the End of Empires: Slave Emancipation in Cuba and Puerto Rico by Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, the respective merits of each article will be considered. The strengths and weaknesses of each author’s arguments will also be assessed in order to decipher which of the two articles is the strongest.

Both Tilley and Davila attempt to convey the issues and ideology of African colonization and decolonization. Davila is focusing closer on the aspect of Brazil and how the Brazilians felt during this time of decolonization and diplomatic ties with Africa. While Tilley examines racial disciplines and takes a different approach with a scientific aspect of African colonization. In a way, these two agree that it was a difficult time with a variety of racial issues. Davila elaborates on the idea of decolonization while Tilley does the opposite.

When looking at Italian, Carlos Julião, Enslaved market women, Rio De Janeiro, ca. 1170s, watercolor, and Dutch, Albert Eckhout, [Mameluke woman with a basket of flowers], 1614, both images give us an insight to the way each artist viewed Brazil. By looking at certain parts of Brazil’s history and comparing these two images we will see how each artist depicts the female body, costume and commodity in a way that demands a specific reaction from the intended audience. Eckhout, a master of flora and fauna, uses his style to express Brazil's beauty and economic implications, often times favored by the Dutch. Julião’s work emphasizes inequalities between individuals from different classes

1) Beckles, M.H., & Shepherd, V. (2000) Caribbean Slavery in the Atlantic World. Jamaica, Ian Rhandle Publishers Limited.