Analysis Of Leventhal 's Model Of Self Regulation

Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness Theory is a middle-range theory (Black, 2014). This means the theory is not overly broad or narrow. The theory was developed from studying men with prostate cancer who were watchfully waiting for the advancing signs of their disease (Black, 2014). The theory has three main components, which incorporate: the antecedents of uncertainty, impaired cognitive appraisal, and coping with uncertainty in illness (Neville, 2003). The antecedents of Mishel’s theory are the stimulus frame, cognitive capacities and event congruence (Neville, 2003). The stimulus frame concerns three parts including: symptom pattern, event familiarity and event congruency (Neville, 2003). Symptom pattern may be when symptoms of

With the tradition biomedical model individuals are not responsible for their illnesses and their treatment lies in chemotherapy, vaccination and surgery with the medical professional responsible for treatment and their illnesses may have psychological consequences and no psychological cause. unlike in health psychology were it is believe that illness result from a combination of biological , psychological and social causes .here the patient is responsible for their illnesses and here the person is psychologically treated by encouraging changes in beliefs and coping strategies in compliance to medical recommendations.in health psychology the victim is partly responsible for his or her treatment, he or she takes the responsibility to take his drugs and change his or her beliefs or behaviors .health psychology contributes to the psychological consequences as well as the

The theory focuses on the ability of a person to meet his or her own needs. Developed in the year 1970, Orem’s theory focused on the three various concepts, namely self-care, self-care deficit, and the nursing system. Self-care is a group of activities or processes that a person performs to maintain health, life, and wellbeing (Orem, 2001). For instance, self-care is being demonstrated when a chronic heart failure patient checks his or her weight daily, takes prescribes medications, and avoids salty foods. Self-care deficit happens when an individual is not able to provide effective self-care (Orem, 2011). Nurses are able to assist patients in this state by educating them with their disease condition and treatment compliance. A nursing

Acknowledging how the patient perceives illness and health, helps in understanding the beliefs and how they relate with preventing

Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique to a patient’s illness to develop a treatment plan. This model assesses how patient illnesses are associated with the environment and the culture around them, while also “seeking the how, why, what, when, where, and what next of illness, disease, and health experience” (“Explanatory Model”). Asking the patient what is their opinion on what caused their illness and how they believe it should be treated will help identify their beliefs and help when planning an intervention.

When someone is suffering or living with a chronic illness it can have a huge impact on them psychologically and socially. Chronic Illness is a condition that is prolonged in duration, usually more than 3 months and is rarely cured (DoH, 2012). Having to cope with a chronic condition might lead to life changes, such as dependency on others, loss of income, which can cause feelings of loss and reduced self-esteem. They can also report feelings of social rejection, poor healthcare and workplace termination due to their presenting condition (Earnshaw, Quinn, & Park, 2011).

It focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of the illness, however, in its most narrow form can sometimes fail to address some other important influences on health and wellbeing. The medical model is concerned with the pursuit of cures for the disease.

The aim of this essay is to consider approaches to promoting the self-management of a long-term condition. The focus will be linked to module content and based on a patient that I have provided nursing care for during my clinical practice. There will be a brief introduction of the patient and the context in which I was involved in their nursing care. The pathophysiology of the chosen LTC along with the related physical, psychological and social needs of the patient will be considered. There will be a discussion of principles of self-management that will link to national LTC policies. This will also include initiatives and analysis of the evidence of the underlying principles for an approach to providing self-management support, for the

Recovery of a patient is much more than the management of medial symptoms. It involves a person regaining control, individualism and independency, “socially re-connecting” and rebuilding their life (Welch, 2010). Protective factors such as self-care, quality of life, pain and illness perception, and physical outcomes can be associated with the recovery of a patient. Welch suggest, “Excessive individualism or self-reliance is an obstacle to resilience when it undermines relationships or prevents people seeking and receiving help when they need it” (Welch,

Models of illness are used to analyse how illness arises and to predict what treatment might be effective.; Most models are implicit and not formally described.In the context of health and illness, a model will specify what factors are of importance in determining whether a person is ill, (and conversely, by implication, what factors are not relevant). It will also specify the nature of the interrelationships between these factors and being ill

Healthcare professionals need to provide patients with the necessary knowledge and tools to participate in management decisions about their illness to foster empowerment to comply with their prescribed treatment plan and adherence to self-management behavior.

Some patients may not have the essential skills to understand, analyse, or use the information they are given to make decisions. They may not have the confidence to accomplish self-care management of their chronic conditions or ask questions to their health care providers. Patients, their families and carers need effective supports so that they can decide and articulate what kinds of care they need to do and have. For the supports, health care providers need competencies to practice patient centred self-care management. Nurses are trained and well suited to support effective self-care management for patients within primary health care settings. For nurses especially, the role of chronic condition management in Ellen’s general practice would be able to provide structured and individually reinforced education, tailored at previous knowledge, literacy level and cultural background within the adequate time frame which Ellen is privileged to offer. Self-care management intervention is the interaction between the health care provider and the patient, and the health care provider’s ability to use the patient’s knowledge and experiences to guide the consultation. The knowledge, attitudes and skills given by primary health care providers for supporting prevention and chronic condition self-care management are the core driving force for the success in effective self-care management supports (Lawn & Battersby

Conner and Norman, 1995 describe the health belief model as ‘the oldest and most widely used model in health psychology’. It originated in the 50’s and was developed further by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegals throughout the 1980’s for health education programmes and to predict different health behaviours and responses to treatments. The four terms that are the basis for the HBM are perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived severity and perceived benefits. The behaviour of the individual depends on their belief that they are susceptible to a health problem, how serious they deem it to be, whether they think that treatment will benefit them and if there are barriers that may get in the way.

Health belief model was one of the first and most widely recognized theories of health behavior. (Butts & Rich, 2011). This theory was formulated in an attempt to predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitude and beliefs of individuals. It is aimed to determine the likelihood of an individual to participate in health-promotion and disease prevention programs. (Kozier & Erb, 2011). This theory postulated that if a patient is well- motivated, there is a possibility that he will participate in these activities. Motivation can be derived by the individual's perceptions towards his condition. According to Becker (1974), individual perceptions include patient's perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness of the disease and perceived threat.

Maturation is especially important for individuals as it provides several competitive evolutionary advantages (Locke & Bogin, 2006). Through this process, individuals develop and acquire control over their emotions and behaviours. This ability to monitor and adapt our emotions, cognition and behaviours in accordance to the social and intellectual demands of particular contexts is often referred to as self-regulation (Demetriou, 2000; Zimmerman, 2000). Various complex cognitive skills are required for self-regulation. These skills encompass the constant observation of our thoughts and behaviours, knowledge of the demands of any situation, the capability to alter conditions of our current behaviour as required to achieve a goal or suit a situation and attention to how favourably the demands of a context are met (Evans & Rosenbaum, 2008).