Russia underwent a cultural revolution in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Before taking on the colossus that was the Russian Empire, the nation’s visionaries embarked on a quest to buck the trend of dominant culture. To name just a few, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Savva Mamontov, and Alexandre Benois were among the Russian pioneers to go against the grain and set their horizons beyond classicism and tradition in art. All deeply invested in the arts from an early age, these men understood revolution to be just as much a personal struggle as it was a historical struggle for all. Mayakovsky displays this duality of revolution as both personal and universal most explicitly in his poem A Cloud in Trousers. He opens the poem with a personal …show more content…
This philosophy of change by means of undermining tradition permeated the realms of art and theater, as well. In 1863, a number of ambitious young painters assembled into group and called themselves the “Wanderers”. Savva Mamontov and his wife Elizabeth encountered two students, sculptor Antokolsky and painter Polenov, during a trip to Rome. Alike in artistic interests and social ideals, the group of young Russians were the founding members of the Wanderers. From there, the tight-knit community grew as the Mamontov’s welcomed a handful of painters, art historians, and the like into their colony at Abramtsevo. It became a sort of haven for social dissidents seeking freedom to express and develop their interests, especially when their tastes were at odds with those of the Academy of Art. The unifying principle by which the members abided was art’s potential for utility. They viewed art as something active and influential and that needed to be socially-conscious, rather than simply something to pay respects to the past and to be admired. Moscow soon challenged St. Petersburg’s title as the nexus of art and ideology. Camilla Gray underlines the importance of this shift away from mandated and statecontrolled art in her work “The Russian Experiment Art”. Gray states “The repudiation of international neo-classicism which had dominated the Russian artistic field since the end of the
The last Tsar Nicholas II ascended the throne in 1894 and was faced with a country that was trying to free itself from its autocratic regime. The serfs had recently been emancipated, the industry and economy was just starting to develop and opposition to the Tsar was building up. Russia was still behind Europe in terms of the political regime, the social conditions and the economy. Nicholas II who was a weak and very influenced by his mother and his wife had to deal with Russia’s troubles during his reign. In order to ascertain how successfully Russia dealt with its problems by 1914, this essay will examine the October Manifesto and the split of the opposition, how the Tsar became more reactionary after the 1905 revolution, Stolypin’s
The introduction of Christianity into Russia spurred the development of the country’s fine arts. For 600 years, Christian forms of art dominated Russian painting, music, architecture, and literature. Russian artists, however, applied their unique vision and dramatically altered the style imported so it became their own. Especially in painting, the blending of foreign influences with native genius produced some of the world’s most beautiful icons. In the early 15th century Andrey Rublyov, one the greatest of
Furthermore the intelligentsia though relatively tiny since the existence of literate and educated Russians was limited, their size and influence grew in the 1970s. Some of the younger generations in the 1860s where inspired by the movement. The need for action was also encouraged by the works of a number of intellectual thinkers including Mikhail Bakunin. He believed that’s the state crushes individual freedom and should therefore be removed, this was a long term goal. The intelligentsia posed a threat to the tsarist regime this was because not only were they knowledgeable about western developments, many had travelled abroad, but also read, wrote in the press went to the theatre and were determined to change what they believed to be outmoded and inhabiting Russian ways. In 1862 a group of students published a manifesto titled Young Russia in which they argued that revolution was the only way forward. In 1862 a series of fires in St Petersburg destroyed over 2000 shops. This was a result of young Russia when they called for radical
Russia emerged as a significant power during the 1500s through war. It fought its neighbors and expanded its territory aimlessly. Ivan the Terrible’s expansion brought him into contact with both Western Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Aiming to gain a port and outlet to the Baltic,
In Russia, Westernization was nothing new as the late nineteenth century had rolled around, for they had already been immersed in political conflicts of Western Europe by the earlier parts of the century. Russia’s Westernization had even been started by Peter the Great. Being so well adapted to the politics of the West, the conservative Russian nobility had feared revolutions by the liberal West. Russia then had attempted to
They maintained their religion there and extended Russian colonization. 7. Pugachev Rebellion The Pugachev rebellion was a powerful peasant uprising. It was led by Emelian Pugachev and it ended up butchering himself.
Aleksander Nikitenko is notable for an extraordinarily detailed dairy kept from a very early age that provides an intimate view of Russian culture during the early 1800s. Aleksander’s written account, Up from Serfdom, offers a first-hand account of Russian history, making a rather insightful contribution to slave literature. This book is among one of the very few autobiographies ever written by a pre-existing serf. Despite being a bright child, Nikitenko was nevertheless one of the three hundred thousand serfs that were the personal property of the Sheremetiv family in Voronezh Province, whom possessed legal authority to dispose of the serfs as they wished. Nonetheless, through a remarkable turn of events, Aleksander, unlike other serfs
In The Reforming Tsar: The Redefinition of Autocratic Duty in Eighteenth Century Russia, Cynthia Whittaker argues that depending on the historical, cultural and contextual period, there can be demarcated two types, both distinctive and contrasting, of Russian sovereigns, namely the “good tsar” and the “reforming tsar”. The scholar juxtaposes the two models of monarchs against the backdrop of “medieval” versus “modern” type of governance. According to it the “good tsar” typology, which is typical for the earlier Muscovy realm, defines the ruler as pious and inert, characterized by its liturgical form and static nature of the rule. The “good tsar” is bound to uphold Orthodoxy, preserve and control public order, help the poor and the underdogs
From Russia, the politics and systems of Western Europe seemed worlds away, yet the differences between the two realms had become compelling enough for the young Tsar to be convinced of Russia’s need to change. Perhaps, even without the Atlantic system, or if a different monarch sat on the Russian throne, Russia might have developed into its own distinctive society with the ability to rival Western Europe. With history unfolding the way it did, however, Peter I, inspired by his experience with a changed West, acted as the catalyst Russia needed to begin its ascent to power. Despite flaws and drawbacks, Peter I managed to shape Russia into a modern nation with the ability to enter the world stage in the coming years all the way into the present. Little did the seafaring, Western European nations know that, in surging forward in pursuit of wealth and power in the Atlantic, they also awakened a behemoth that would soon come knocking on their
With the Art Institute of Chicago constantly changing, it has flourished and evolved into a reputable source of history in Chicago. With vast improvements to space and allowing for the development of new creations from the school, the Art Institute of Chicago continues to pave the way for the appreciation of art and for future
At the end of the nineteenth century, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia reluctantly took command of an empire overflowing with revolutionaries who were seeking change in response to hardships that their nation was facing. His timid personality, coupled with his lack of political education and military experience, made him unfit to calm the war-fueled chaos that would soon envelop Russia. Nicholas’ series of unfortunate, unprepared and uninformed decisions began with his marriage and eventually ended with his decision to abandon the capital to lead his armies, ultimately leading to the demise of his imperial family’s three-hundred-year dynastic tradition.
In the past five hundred years in Russia, there have been more not so great rulers compared to the superior rulers. However, in 1762, a great ruler came to power and began changing Russia for the better, her name was Catherine the second. Born a German providence and brought to Russia by the order of Elizabeth I. She [Catherine] later gained the throne after a coup d’état and from there on out Russia was underway become more of the enlightened state. The ways that it became enlightened was through the changes in the internal government, foreign affairs with the western area of Europe and added an influx of culture into the backward country. In order for the county to be powerful in the rest of the world’s eyes, it needed to start somewhere
Throughout the vast history of art, historians can find connections throughout the centuries. Artists from the beginning of humankind have been inspired by the world around them. From the Apollo 11 stones to present day, history and culture have provided inspiration and have been the focus of various pieces. Examining artwork from the 15th-18th century, viewers can be shown a whole world that would be unknown to us without these artist’s contributions. History, religion, and cultural events have sculpted the art world, and we can observe this through many pieces during the 15th-18th centuries.
For over two thousand years, various philosophers have questioned the influence of art in our society. They have used abstract reasoning, human emotions, and logic to go beyond this world in the search for answers about arts' existence. For philosophers, art was not viewed for its own beauty, but rather for the question of how art and artists can help make our society more stable for the next generation. Plato, a Greek philosopher who lived during 420-348 B.C. in Athens, and Aristotle, Plato’s student who argued against his beliefs, have no exceptions to the steps they had to take in order to understand the purpose of art and artists. Though these two philosophers made marvelous discoveries about the existence of art, artists, and