Analysis Of Nasa's Optical Communication Technology

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is perhaps the most well known space agency in the world. Since its formation in 19581, it has pioneered in space science, yet is also renowned for its large budget. NASA has the highest budget of any space agency, $18.6 billion2 in 2015, the equivalent of every American paying $54 towards the agency3, meaning 0.14% of total GDP is spent on NASA3 . This money is spent on the ISS, sending astronauts, probes and satellites into space, astrophysics and planetary science research, maintaining and developing NASA’s space telescopes (the Wide Field Infrared Survey telescope searching for dark energy and exoplanets, the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope) and developing spacecraft2. Space exploration is an incredibly expensive process with one shuttle launch costing $450 million4 however NASA’s colossal budget benefits the USA greatly; the agency employs 18,000 people5 as astronauts, engineers, scientists and teachers and G. Scott Hubbard, former director of the NASA Ames Research Center estimates that every dollar spent on NASA returns $8 to the economy6.While this figure is an estimate, it demonstrates NASA’s worth and capacity for money making. NASA works on pioneering research and as its patents and licenses return to the US treasury, it

NASA had a favorable spending variance of $498,000 this year which means they spent 498,000 less than budgeted. The actual fixed cost per ton was around $519/ton.

Entering the combat systems market is a difficult task that is capital intensive and requires a unique, game changing solution that can be proven safe, reliable and effective in short order and superior to industry leaders such as GD. Though the steady growth within the industry and the large contract award values entices new entrants to explore entry, most will find that it is ultimately not feasible to compete against such industry leaders.

In the past 50 years, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has sent out many planned space exploration missions which have lead to numerous advantages in society and culture. NASA’s technologies benefit American lives with the innumerable important breakthroughs by creating new markets that have spurred the economy and changed countless lives in many ways. NASA is a federal agency and receives its fundings from the annual federal budget passed by the United States Congress. However, there are conflicting opinions that consider whether or not funding for NASA is a waste of government spending.

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I have a comprehensive understanding of the Department of Defense’s vision and direction and long-range plans and emerging technologies that can lead to proper programming and resource allocation. The Strategy of the DoD, DoN, and the USMC relies on the use of innovation and emerging technologies to maintain both a strategic and tactical advantage in the warfighting domain, and as a means of achieving efficiencies in the business domains. The DoD in general and the DoN specifically have in their vision statements and leadership direction that the services will use innovation both as a force multiplier and a means to achieve efficiencies and costs savings. While the various Services and Agencies within the DoD differ in some aspects, there are numerous similarities. They all have the vision and objectives to delivery information to the user to meet the Command and Control and IT needs, even in a contested environment. Generally, the goals within the Department are to consolidate and stabilize the infrastructure, unify communications, manage innovation, build and maintain a strategic workforce, consolidate datacenters leading to improve application portfolio access and management and lastly enhance network operations. I will point out here that I have been materially involved in all aspects of these

2. Fighter aircraft are classified into generations (gen). Currently the United States has the only combat ready fifth gen fighter, the F-22. The introduction of the F-35 will increase United States air dominance by providing stealth capabilities, integrated sensor information, and advanced network operations. This will allow the F-35 to act as a mobile command and attack center.1 The R&D that went into the JSF program not only created a new airframe, however other technologies including the Northrop Grumman’s Distributed Aperture System (DAS) which incorporates into Rockwell Collin’s helmet mounted display system (HMDS).2, 3 The DAS collects imagery data from six infrared cameras located around the airframe. This real time video allows the F-35 pilot to “see through” their aircraft. The DAS displays in the HMDS, the world’s most advanced display system that promises to increase the pilot’s situational awareness, tactical capability and mission effectiveness.4

Scope: The US Department of State (DoS) is planning on acquiring land on Camp Coiner in the near future through an easement in order to relocate the embassy from northern Seoul. The 1st SIG BDE currently has fiber and copper infrastructure in place that provides connectivity between the end user buildings (EUB), multiple Area Distribution Nodes (ADN), and single Main Communication Node (MCN) located on or around the land being utilized for the future embassy. In order to continue providing connectivity and service to the facilities that will remain within the Camp Coiner footprint, the cable interconnectivity and termination need to be identified for all facilities within Camp Coiner and all facilities dependent on the aforementioned distribution

BAL developed capabilities in the areas of space and communications, site management and the upgrade and maintenance of military aircraft and equipment. As BAL grew, it faced difficult decisions how to improve or upgrade its procurement system and process to meet its customers’ requirement, especially its major customer the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

conceived in the early '60s. “Under the leadership of the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Project Agency, it grows from a paper architecture into a small

Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control has a huge amount of experience and technology in targeting and

The growing demand for high data rates leads to find the new communication technology shift to optic domain from the electronic domain. One of the popular interconnection technologies is FSO approach which employs LOS communication from end to end free space. FSO offers several advantages over optical fiber such as lower delay due to lower refractive index of air. This results in

The design and fabrication of an optical fiber to support OAM modes for high speed data transmission. Generally OAM modes carry different charge and phase change, so the fiber has to be designed and fabricated in such a way that fiber support different OAM modes A compact low crosstalk multi ring fiber transmitting multiple orbital angular momentum is presented.Multi ring fiber consists of 7 rings each supporting 22 modes with 18 OAM modes which can be used for high density space division multiplexing. The multi ring structure has a tight light confinement and has a large refractive index difference between OAM modes, thus having a

FSO communication, also termed as optical wireless, is an optical communication technology that uses line of sight communication system and tries to achieve the need for high bandwidth over short distances [1]. There are various atmospheric attenuation effects on FSO link such as fog, rain, snow, humidity and temperature [2]. The majority of FSO systems are using 850 nm, 950 nm and 1550 nm [3-5] wavelengths. Research studies have shown that fog is the most important factor because the size of fog particles is comparable to the transmission wavelength of optical and near infrared wave [6].

Optical communication is a form of telecommunication system in which light is used as the mode of transmission. An optical communication system consists of transmitter, receiver and channel. The transmitter basically works as an encoder, it encodes the message as an optical signal, the channel helps the signal to propagate and the receiver will work to decode the optical signal and get the message. [1]