Analysis Of Newton Raphson Load Flow Method With Wind Power
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5.1 Review
Li et.al[5] suggested Newton Raphson load flow method with wind power. Asynchronous and double fed induction generator were explained in detail and accordingly Jacobian matrices were suggested. An IEEE 5 bus system was used for case study which proved that the new NR method had a good convergence hence could be used for calculations for large grid with wind power. Steady state equivalent circuit for AG and DFIG were also discussed in the paper.
Feijoo et.al [6] proposed two methods for simulation of wind farms with asynchronous generators for load flow analysis which were based on steady state model of induction machine. In the first model wind generator was modelled as a PQ bus with real power and power factor known and reactive power was calculated. Some improvement in steady state model of induction machine was done. In the second model an RX model was used which involved modelling the generators in steady-state in the bus where the wind farm was located.
1. 1 General
Rapid consumption of non renewable fossil fuels as sources of energy has lead to depletion of these resources. So the price of petroleum resource has increased in the international market. A growing concern over their environmental effects has lead to research and development in the area of renewable energy to find an alternative source of energy for future. Wind energy which possesses the highest power density amongst various renewable energy sources, is one such source. [27].
and fuel cells or non-dispatchable generators such as, wind turbines and photovoltaic sources, integrated with electrical and thermal energy storage devices to meet the customers’ local energy needs, operating as a single system and small-scale, on low-voltage distribution systems providing both power and heat. To ensure that the microgrid is operated as a single aggregated system and meets power quality, reliability and security standards, power electronic interfaces and controls need to be applied
Conventional energy resources like wind, biomass, tidal /wave and small hydro potential were used due to fast depletion of fossil fuels. A micro-hydro system using natural hydro potential with minimal civil works is a strong candidate in this race. However, the system must be economical, rugged, and user friendly since local communities are often not techno-savvy. Uncontrolled low head turbines are prescribed for such applications [1]-[5], which maintain almost constant input power due to fixed head and discharge
Different modeling methods such as physics-based Resistive Companion Form technique and Bond Graph method are presented with powertrain component and system modeling examples. The modeling and simulation capabilities of existing tools such as Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT), ADvanced VehIcle