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Analysis Of ' Ozymandias ' By Percy Bysshe Shelley

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Ozymandias is a sonnet in iambic pentameter that was written by English romantic poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1817. To read this poem and understand the complexities of it, one must analyze it through the lens of I.A. Richards’ concept of “new criticism,” which is now understood as close reading. In this essay, we will compare some of the aspects of criticism that Richards finds counterproductive and meaningless, such as irrelevant associations and sentimentality to his profound concept of new criticism and close reading. Through close reading, we as readers are able to find nuances, decode metaphorical and paradoxical language, and find a deeper meaning of the poem altogether. First, in order to gain context for what Shelley’s worldview was at the time, we must indulge in some historical background for an English romantic poet in the 19th century. Most importantly, we must consider the natural events that occurred the year before this was written: The Year Without a Summer. In 1816, England faced hardship as the country was affected by the climate and at mercy to the freezing temperatures. This traumatic event in Shelley’s life plays a huge role in the poem and inspires many themes in the poem such as the transience of life and the beauty and destruction of the natural world. The title, Ozymandias is a pseudonym for the ancient Egyptian ruler, King Ramses II. The use of the name Ozymandias is in it of itself very paradoxical. “Ozy” comes from the Greek word “ozium” to

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