Analysis Of Paul Allen's Article 'The Singularity Isn T Near'

One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the

However this novel was written and published almost 200 years ago, its undertone and ideas are still relevant today as we progress scientifically towards the singularity. The singularity is considered by scientists as a point in human evolution where technology becomes so advanced that it reaches a point of sentience, the ability to think and reason just like a human being. However this sentient intelligence would be given the ability to reprogram itself; effectively

At this point Carr again proving he is lacking the proper material to make this argument because now he saying how AI is going to control your mind and all the meaningless material he compiled to make this longer. The author has demonstrated so far that he is very poor at finding material for a proper argument even though the opinion he has on the matter is the same view as me. Carr is just running in circles not making a difference now that he losing his argument with awful information to support the subject an elementary student could have compiled a better argument than this guy. The positive remark that related to his argument was an analogy that he made saying “The human brain is just an outdated computer that needs a faster processor and a bigger hard drive” (Carr 4). This implies to the fact that everyone wants to draw out the brains max potential so we can have a society of

Before watching this video, I did not realize how cool and interesting it was about human-like robots. Watson, in particular, was the star in the video. I also did not understand how a robot would have the similarities to a human brain.   I had previously read and written some thoughts on brain culture but I found the "How Does the Brain Work?" very interesting. While watching the video, I was surprised on how big artificial intelligence is and the importance.

Paul Allen has a valid point, however, technology is advancing so increasingly fast that the Singularity is getting closer and closer as the seconds tick by. This great event will happen in forty-five years, some researchers say (“AI Revolution”). That is not a far away date, and most likely becoming a far shorter space in time towards the Singularity. When it happens, the Singularity will be either the best thing to happen to the human race or the worst. Everything depends on how the human race influences and programs the AI or

Kurzweil makes a prediction on a theory he comes up with called Singularity, he describes it in his book as “the culmination of the merger of our biological thinking and existence with our technology, resulting in a world that is still human but that transcends our biological roots." And he also states that "There will be no distinction, post-Singularity, between human and machine or between physical and virtual reality," 2

In today’s society, artificial intelligence appears a daunting and frightening area, however this idea was embraced by Turing. He was a pioneer of imitation, that is, the imitation of the human mind in a machine. The perspectives of Turing with regards to artificial intelligence were new and original, nobody had questioned whether or not a machine can think or likened one to the human mind. It is important to remember that artificial intelligence is only an attempt at recreating the human machine, as Turing put it, which is the mind. In 1942, Turing was quoted saying: “We do not wish to penalise the machine for its inability to shine in beauty competitions, nor to penalise a man for losing in a race against an aeroplane” which demonstrates one of Turing’s key perspectives. Man and machine are going to be different, an attempt at copying the human mind, will not yield a human, but a machine, reinforcing the fact that artificial intelligence is only an attempt to imitate the mind. A paper, written by Turing, outlines an “imitation test,” a test which contrasts the power of the human mind to that of a machine. This test was developed by Turing in order to help the public grasp the concept of an artificial intelligence: it precedes as follows. A participant is asked to take part in two conversations, one of which is with a machine, the other with a human. Now imagine if the participant was unable to decide which was the machine and which was human. Turing

In Minds, Brains, and Programs, John Searle provided various counterarguments to the proposition that strong artificial intelligence is similar to human cognition and that machines are able to have similar cognitive experiences as humans, such as having intentions, as long as it has the right program. The purpose of this article was to demonstrate opposing approaches, which outlined that the theory of strong AI is flawed. The author did this by providing examples of how to disqualify the support for the theoretical perspective that machines, even though they have the appropriate programming, still cannot understand as humans do. Through various explanations and replies to the arguments, Searle makes his point and give examples of the promises.

However, to the observer, it looks as if the machine is equally intelligent. Machines that are truly intelligent, part of a group called “cognitive artificial intelligence,” are yet to be invented. That is not to say that there has not been intense research in the area. Ray Kurzweil, a noted artificial intelligence inventor and researcher, believes that by the year 2020, software that allows machines to match the abilities of a human brain will become available (Brown). As the world is still almost a decade away from this point in time, it is difficult to tell whether this will be the case. In any case, though, it seems certain that much time and effort will be invested in developing programs and machines that can think with the same ability as a human.

The Singularity is a future period at which artificial intelligence will match and exceed the intelligence of humans, including the problem-solving skills, pattern recognition, even emotional and moral intelligence of the human brain. We will reach this point relatively soon. Kurzweil estimates that the Singularity will arrive in 2045. An important reason why we are reaching this point is exponential growth. As time goes on, we double the growth of computing consistently. As you can see in the chart on the right, the growth of computing has increased drastically. This is because it increases at an exponential rate instead of linear. “Linear growth is steady; exponential growth becomes explosive.” An exponential rate is when numbers are continuously multiplied by a

However, some people oppose the Singularity, the counter-argument is that we are ending the human race as we know it. People like Stephen William Hawking renown English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge. In a New York Time article, warning that first of all artificial intelligence could copy itself and replace humans as Earth’s dominant life form. Second, he warns that artificial intelligence is the human mind without consciousness. It is possible that the AI will see humanity as so far beneath itself as to be irrelevant. We could be treated the way we treat bacteria. These machines could then keep on developing until they surpass human

Although machines with Artificial Intelligence would be great, there are certain risks involved in the manufacturing of such machines. Imagine a scenario whereby a machine was trained with the wrong training set, and such a training set contained details on how to crash the stock market. If a machine places several orders and cancels them before people could buy them, over a long period of the time then there would be a fall in the price of stocks (Michael Maiello, 2015). This could crash an economy and cause mass unemployment. When people are unemployed there is usually a rise in the crime rate. The crash of the stock market is not even the worst case scenario if the knowledge of Artificial intelligence is utilized by the wrong set of people.

The discussion of "artificial intelligence" is ultimately based on the development of computers. As early as 1930s, Turing, a scientist, tried to make an intelligent machine in his short life in accordance with his computational theory and even hoped to prove his theory-Any wisdom. After all, it was nothing but an extremely complicated operation. All of Turing's explorations focus on "wisdom," while the concept of "artificial intelligence" (Artificial Intelligence) was co-sponsored by John McCathy and Marvin Minsky. They also co-founded MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, the world's most influential scientific research facility. If Turing's "Wisdom Machine" focuses on using the machine to implement one of the six major human intelligence functions, such as vision, language, learning, computing, reasoning, and cognition, Minsky argues that the problems facing the development of artificial intelligence is that if the machine has not yet solved the problem of human beings, because once any problem can be solved by the machine, human beings will automatically remove the field of artificial intelligence to explore.

Artificial Intelligence is a topic within the public media that has existed for decades, but is now a concern due to the reality of human advancement and innovation in the field of science and technology. Many people believe that computers will become self-aware or sentient and view humanity as a disposable resource and gain supremacy. Reasoning that research on the technology should halt and not become more advance. Whereas others believe they will help catapult research and the economy forward, supporting the operations and innovations the technology offers. The complicated and divided solutions to the debate aren’t obvious, but there are more benefits to improving artificial intelligence than there is stopping it. Therefore, the negative effects people believe will occur can be resolved.

In the future, we may be able to build a computer that is comparable to the human brain, but not until we truly understand one thing. Lewis Thomas talks about this in his essay, "Computers." He says, "It is in our collective behavior that we are most mysterious. We won't be able to construct machines like ourselves until we've understood this, and we're not even close" (Thomas 473). Thomas wrote this essay in 1974, and although we have made many technological advances