NSPS Background Paper - ISIS
TO: SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 18 November 2016
THRU: UNDERSECRETARY OF DEFENSE (POLICY)
FROM: ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS)
SUBJECT: Strategy to Halt and Reverse the ISIS Threat
1. POLICY DECISION AND OBJECTIVES: On September 10, 2014, the President released a strategy to combat the increasing threats posed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This strategy has one clear goal, to diminish and defeat the threat of ISIS not only to the United States but also to the world. The objectives in the policy address the use of all instruments of national power. The President has asked the Department of Defense to re-evaluate the current policy and provide alternate solutions to the growing threat of ISIS to the security of the United States homeland and interests abroad.
2. BACKGROUND / NATIONAL INTERESTS: The group known as ISIS today is not new. This group, or factions of the group, has been in the Middle East since the early 1990s. Its lineage is traced back to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, then eventually it morphed into al-Qaeda Iraq, then transitioned into ISIS. As Bobby Ghosh mentions in his article for The Atlantic, “The group is now able and willing to seize and control territory, not simply send suicide bombers to their death.” ISIS has evolved into a global threat based on its ability to gain and seize territory while inflicting terror on surrounding nations in the Middle East and
ISIS is being led by multiple people who are extremely resistant to compromise and believe that they are following a prophecy. They have a divine prophecy that they will either be led to a great demise or a wonderful ending where they will come out on top. ISIS is vastly different than many other groups by the fact that they are led by a very strong willed leadership.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also known as Isis, terror group has been an important issue in the United States for the past couple of years. After the recall of troops from Iraq, radical Islamist movements started to begin and Isis was formed. The first issue of Isis is they have grown in numbers over the years. Secondly, Isis controls thousands of square miles of ungoverned territory. Their high supply of troops and land allows them to creatively think of major attacks, including attacks on the U.S. Lastly, when people see the attacks from Isis, some people naturally gravitate towards these groups. Two months after 9/11 attacks Osama Bin Laden said “When people see a strong horse and a weak horse, by nature, they will like the strong horse.” Isis will continue to grow in power if countries do not come together to help totally eliminate them.
ISIS stands for Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. It is referred as a terrorist group by the United States, whereas ISIS considers themselves to be an army instead. ISIS has been responsible for many gruesome attacks all over the world one of them being the execution of Jordanian pilot Moaz al-Kasasbeh. They originated from Al-Qaeda in Iraq but they had big ambitions by kicking America out and setting up an Islamic state. To this date hold their land there unlike other groups like Al-Qaeda and Taliban. They have a huge support from people as their count being over 30,000 soldiers and followers. They are heavily armed, can fund themselves, have an organized infrastructure, and can cause a lot of damage. Later in 2006, their brutality lost them the support of Iraqi Sunnis who partnered with US forces to help push them out of the country. And for this incident, America takes a lot of credit for this and call it the Surge in which they helped Sunnis rise up against Al-Qaeda in Iraq’s rule. This led to Al-Qaeda in Iraq being defeated but not destroyed by only being driven out of the land they used to control and later they began rebuilding themselves by being involved in the fighting in Syria as they were trying to throw the Shiite Assad regime. Due to their brutal and severe tactics, Al-Qaeda disavowed Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Later in February 2014, the group Al-Qaeda in Iraq
Most of the world has their own religious beliefs, some believe there is one God, and others believe there are many. There are also people who believe that their religion is the right religion, that believe they are doing what the religious text “says” to be. For that reason, there are believers who will do anything to show people the right way, even if it means ending someone’s life. Those believers are known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also to be known as ISIS, a Salafi jihadist militant group that follows an Islamic, fundamentalist, Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam. (Michaels) For many years ISIS has been a national threat, killing many innocent people around the world. What is their main reasoning for attacking? What will the
President Obama’s strategic plan in Iraq and Syria is to continue Airstrikes to slow the forward progression of ISIS, while utilizing deployed U.S. service members to work with coalition partners to assist with partner building capacities. These partners include “Iraqi Security Forces, Kurdish Peshmerga forces, and moderate Syrian fighters, and both Sunni and Shia militia groups.”3 To be successful in this endear as mentioned by Sec Carter, “the only way to have a lasting defeat of ISIL is to have someone who can govern and secure territory once ISIL is defeated, a local force on the ground. That 's why the strategy calls for the United States to help train and equip, and then help enable local ground forces.”4 Without basic security the Government of Iraq (GOI)
In order to understand the policies adopted in the War on Terror, we must first look to the origins of the conflict as well as the practices involved. Whilst the term itself was initially introduced during the Reagan administration, it was given renewed vigour under George Bush following the attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon on 9/11. The consequences of these attacks saw the Bush administration undertake a new policy against terrorism which included: defeating terrorists and abolishing their organisations, denying sponsorship and support to terrorists and defending US citizen’s interests at home and abroad (Whitehouse Archives, 2003). In this way, the War on Terror can be considered more than just an armed conflict
Threat of a bigger war Isis. A group such as isis can cause a war in the middle east , then the problem would have been spread to Europe, people are already trying to escape all the fighting .isis is also a huge threat to the world .Islamic state is already global reach, they have thousands of global fighters . Isis got in touch with these foreign fighters
This is why it was more advanced starting off. They did not have to start their group from scratch or begin recruiting members from scratch either. ISIS already had a following when they began which put them one step ahead. Today, according to Prime Minister David Cameron, “ISIS is more dangerous than Al Qaeda.” (Oppenheimer). ISIS has a stronger foothold than Al Qaeda today due to the military successes it has had in Iraq. ISIS has always been a more militant group, they have done more to try to seize and keep land than Al Qaeda has. ISIS uses military weaponry and fighting to gain power whereas Al Qaeda does things just to get attention from the media. These victories made the group a legitimate militant terrorist group and also the new leader of the Jihadi movement (“The Rise”). They started off together but broke into two different groups in 2014 after a lot of infighting. Both of these groups had a common goal but Al Qaeda has not reached this goal like ISIS has. This goal would be to declare a caliphate in the Middle East. ISIS has done much more than Al Qaeda to reach this goal; including being more brutal. Even though Al Qaeda is also known for their brutality, they did not want part in the vicious massacres and mass executions being done by ISIS (Bumgardner). ISIS has been more brutal than Al Qaeda because they want more attention than them. They also want to gain more followers and keep a foothold in the Middle East over Al Qaeda. They are also funded in different ways. ISIS gets funding from various activities such as looting and oil smuggling. On the other hand, Al Qaeda gets most of its funding from donations. Financial backing is very important to gain power and remain on top. The Islamic state is doing what it can to maintain a steady lead over Al Qaeda. They also had different views on how to implement Islamic law. ISIS imposes the rules of Islam much more than Al
ISIS/ISIL is an unrecognized state and a Jihadist militant group operating in Iraq and Syria. The group claims religious authority over all Muslims and aspires to a macro state, which includes many countries in the Middle East: Cyprus, Jordan, Kuwait, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, and part of Syria. ISIS is known for its uncompromising interpretation of Islam. The group is responsible for brutal violence against Shia Muslims and Christians. They started an attack against the Iraqi government forces in June of 2014 and many mercenaries joined the group. ISIS has gain great popularity since last year and has become a big threat to the whole world. The group was
They do all of this in the name of Allah - their god- and to gain power, however their objectives and ultimate goal is unclear to the western world. In a recent SKYPE interview conducted by Vice.com, Canadian ISIS member Farah Mohamed Shirdon gave mixed messages about the intent of ISIS. At one point, Shirdon claimed that the group wished to be left alone, stating that he didn’t want to fight, nor did his group. He further stated that the group wishes to enable Muslims to live under their own laws and authority and that they view western interference as a threat (Shirdon, 2014). However, Shirdon went on to state that he hoped to be made a martyr by dying in conflict for Allah and that ISIS would not stop until their flag was flying over the White House (Shirdon, 2014). Shirdon also made direct threats against western civilization, stating they were coming for “us” and that “a lot of brothers are mobilizing there right now in the West…mobilizing for a brilliant attack…” on the West (Shirdon, 2014). This could lead one to believe that the group is actually looking at expanding its power beyond its stated limitations. What is unclear from media reports is whether ISIS is seeking to gain more power to allow its individual’s greater opportunities to improve their individual circumstances, or whether the group is seeking world domination for their group and Allah.
After the withdrawal of American troop in 2011 in Iraq, There was a growing violence attack coming from Sunni groups in Iraq against the majority Shia population, a group that also now have power in the country. Isis is an invention to regional instability in Iraq, Syria and the result of decades of conflict and violence. The generation that is working for Isis understands nothing about Isis but war, as they have grown up observing warfare since their adolescence. When the United of States invaded Iraq in 2003 and overthrew Saddam Hussein's government, it created a power vacuum in the country that was previously control by his administration. This allowed for an extreme kind of radicalism to appear that shaped itself within Isis. Isis began
The United States since WWII has been uniquely seen as a paradigm for world leadership. Economically, domestically, and democratically, the U.S. has maintained a role of nursing poor countries while protecting ones from imminent threats. With the world’s largest military budget that quadruples the next closest country, the U.S. has the military power to help maintain world order expanding its geographical boundaries. A new and relevant threat known to the world as ISIS or ISIL has caused policy makers in Washington to review and decide what the next course of action should be. In light of recent terror attacks in Paris, and most recently on the homeland in San Bernardino, California, President Obama recently addressed the nation vowing
First, it is very important to understand who these extremist groups are and what they stand for; ISIS is a prime and relevant example. It would take a lot of time to try to explain who they are exactly, but in short they are a Muslim militant group who is constantly reaching for more power. Some say that their goal is to start World War three, trying to invoke fear into the hearts of the people around the world. “The primary purpose of Zarqawi’s organization was to remove the foreign occupation of
Isis is a major terrorist group which is taking over Europe little by little starting in Syria and Iraq. Isis thinks that they are doing what it is right for their religion, but others think they are doing it as cold blood. Isis is hoping that they can take over america also. Isis is causing problems politically, environmentally.
ISIS stands for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The Obama administration prefers the term ISIL which means the Islamic State in Levant. The term Levant literally means the rising; in reference to the land where the sun rises. However, many western news have decided to switch and call the group by the name Islamic State. ISIS finds its roots after the invasion in 2003 of Iraq by the United States. “ISIS is a Sunni jihadist group born in 2004 in Iraq. Known at the time as a cell of al-Qaeda - Al Qaeda in Mesopotamia, the group acted under the leadership of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi”. (LUȚAI, R. C. (2015). The Islamic State -- aspects of sovereignty. International Journal On Humanistic Ideology, 6(2), 143-152.)The Jordanian Abou Moussab Al-Zarqaoui is the funding father of this movement. As it is said in the article “the Islamic State is no more a collection of psychopaths”. Indeed, ISIS became a group aware of their influence and well organized. This Sunni fundamentalist group has as main goal which is to fight against infidels, whom according to them are all people that does not adhere to their beliefs. ISIS wants to establish a caliphate, which is “an Islamic state. It 's led by a caliph, who is a political and religious leader who is a successor (caliph) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His power and authority is absolute.” Islam is their first tool, that’s how they can make some partisan and expand in the Middle East. “Known at the time as a cell of al-Qaeda - Al Qaeda in