Analysis Of The Gut Microbiome

The relationship between the human gut microbiome to health and disease is strong. Human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function are all affected by the composition of the gut. If the composition of the gut microbiome is altered in a way that any of these functions are negatively affected, this can lead to disease. The developments of the microbiome, its complexity, and its functionality in health and disease have been extensively studied. In addition, the way in which it is altered has many implications in the cause of diseases, such as bowel disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer.

In the article, "The Ultimate Social Network," Jennifer Ackerman presented data to challenge the first thoughts that people are independent, depending just on the human body to control interior capacities. She stated that the adjustments in the human microbiome are contributing to higher rates of obesity and autoimmune system disorders, prompting it to address regardless of whether we are in charge of our own body.

The article “Some of My Best Friends are Germs,” by Michael Pollen was a very interesting and informative read. Pollen explains that our bodies house 100s of trillions of microbes. More than 99 percent of our genetic information is microbial. The large number of bacteria that inhabits us weighs many pounds, forming a massive, unexplored world that scientists are just starting to document. These bacteria affect our health as much as if not more than the genes we receive from our parents.

First, a microbiome are the microorganisms in a particular environment, including in parts of the body. All animals have groups of bacteria in their gut. I can't really find a ton out but I have learned is that When the microbiome is healthy and diverse, its effects can be seen in skin, immune, brain, hormone function along with practically everything else directly or indirectly. Wolves Change the

The gut microbiome supplies the human host with metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded by its own genome (Khan et al., 2014). Because host metabolism is effectively regulated by the amalgamation of host and microbial genes (Khan et al., 2014), we should expect the gut microbiota to play a fundamental role in the health of its host. A compendium of research evidence demonstrates a compelling link between obesity and gut microbial composition. The connection between obesity and the gut microbiota is illustrated in the effects of diet on microbial diversity, the association of host genotype with microbial plasticity, the correlation of microbial diversity and metabolic disease, and the modulation of host metabolism by gut

The gut microbiota is extremely diverse – consisting of over 1,000 identified unique species of bacteria. It is indeed difficult to wrap one’s head around it – despite bacteria being microscopically small, and having an undetectable mass, the bacteria of the gut in a human can weigh over 2 pounds! This incredibly diverse mass of bacteria is also mostly unique on an individual basis – over 70% of the bacteria per gut are unique to each person [1]. Thus, the gut microbiota of each individual can effectively function as a unique source of identity.

Before, biologists assumed all microbes are bad for the human body (automatically thought of pathogens), caused many diseases and harm our body fundamental systems. In addition, the biologists think that our body is already built which had all the functions required to maintain our health. However, the attitude has changed over the last decade. The biologists characterized the most prevalent species of microbes in the body, and found out that these collective microbes do not threaten us, and they also are important part of human bodies.

There are major effects in the United States and Europe to help identify the role of microbial communities in the human body. The colon requires a balance of microbial agents that assist with various functions of the body. An imbalance can lead to C.diff., irritable bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), neurological disorders, and obesity just to list a few. Many of these problems have grown to an epidemic proportion. Both the United States and Europe have started projects aimed at the microbial communities of the body and their roles in our health.

The first group that was dropped into the water was the group of mice that did not have lactobacillus, when dropped into water they began to swim for a couple minutes but gave up after. The group with the lactobacillus was also dropped into the water and had the same start swimming but that group half of mice never gave up they just kept on swimming. The scientists figured out that items we eat do affect how our brain acts most of the time. The link between the intestinal microbes and he brain at that these could send signals to the brain and affect how the brain itself reacts to certain situations. Based on the studies discussed on the podcast the intestines also have roles in our psychological wellbeing, like in the studies the French did with the lactobacillus as well but on human being. Persons that had ingested the lactobacillus felt less stressed while the group that did not take the lactobacillus felt stressed. The podcast also talked about how this might be implemented in the future to treat patients with mental illness. This could me in a form of a “medicinal yogurt” or even medication. I thought this part of the podcast was interesting because most people including me don’t think that the “gut” can have any impact on a human beings mental health but this section

The human microbiome has received more attention in the last few years as scientists have begun to link health and mental wellbeing with these internal synergists. Murray and Manary (2015) define a microbiome as an “ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms living inside the body…100 trillion organisms, including anaerobic bacteria, archaea, yeast and parasites.” Humans are born and immediately exposed to these microbes, creating their own microbiome within hours. The natural birth baby inherits microbes of the mother and caesarian section babies receive microbiota of those who handle them first (Ley, 2006). Genes, and the environment from which they are born into, shape their future microbiome (Ley, Peterson,

The study intended to look at the gut microbiome that is naturally present within the gut. The research team of the Louisiana State University designed an experiment with lab rats to predict how the manipulation of the gut microbiome with a high fat diet would affect their brain

In the abstract, Gut-brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression, the abstract says that humans are colonized by commensal intestinal microbiota in the first few days of life. It also says that findings have shown that microbiota’s are important in normal healthy brain functions. Foster, J.A. and McVey Neufeld, K.A. (2013) discussed relations between stress and microbiota, and also how alterations influence stress-related behaviors.

Numerous small molecules are already known to be produced by the human microbiota. Some have been show to affect immune modulation and signaling, which has the potential to influence mood and behavior; they can even regulate the production or the metabolism of neuromodulators and neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and GABA, all of which are well

Alcohol craving and consumption are behavioral problems. In the light of new research, it is important to hypothesize the role of microbiota in modifying the behavior of alcohol dependent individuals. The study is critical for behavioral scientists in particular those who plan and manage alcohol abuse treatment. Gut microbiota is a special area that has to be seen uniquely since there seems to be a strong connection with the brain system (Logan, 2015). There is growing evidence about a strong association of altered gut microbiota composition and permeability with anxiety and depression among alcohol dependent individuals (Leclercq et al., 2014). The axis of microbiota-gut-liver is of prime importance in alcohol caused liver diseases. Any disruption

Research has shown that microbial ecology has a direct influence on the mental health of individuals. Macro-biodiversity in the external environment has been shown to influence mental well-being, and microbial diversity as a byproduct of this external biodiversity can have effects on immune function and mood. Microbes have made many genetic contributions to the human body including but not limited to protection against pathogens, nutrient absorption, and manufacture of chemicals necessary for survival. Lack of microbial diversity and dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, due to