Analysis Of Watersheds

Riparian areas are locations of many communities that not many acknowledge as a primary needs or impactful regions. Growing up along a riverbed opened my eyes to the importance of a healthy riparian area and what happens to the surrounding habitat if the area is not maintained. Without necessary support, a riverbed collapses over time and creates a layer of sediment on the riverbed, this results in a loss of riverside habitat and the loss of niche to many water creatures. I witnessed this as a need along Wolf Creek in Lacombe and decided that someone must take the initiative, I was that person. To raise funds and awareness of my project I entered the Caring For Our Watersheds competition, I qualified in the top ten and placed sixth, earning $600 for the

The purpose of this study was to collect data that can be used to assess the current status of a lake in terms of stratification, productivity, succession, nutrient composition, transparency, and management. The field site was 85 acre, man-made lake within Miami Whitewater Forest in “Great Parks” of Hamilton County, Cincinnati, OH. Although the lake is man-made, it shares many characteristics with that of natural lakes. The data collected regarding the current status of the lake would then be compared against past, historical data to draw on any similarities or differences between the lake then and now. Results demonstrated the lake to be stratified in the past and present according to temperature and pH. Results from secchi disks

I chose to review the poster entitled Discovery of the Arkansas Darter in Cow Creek Watershed, Cherokee County, SE Kansas presented by Dr. James Whitney of Pittsburg State University. Dr. Whitney and others conducted a survey of the fish communities of the Cow Creek watershed in southeastern Kansas. A total of 29 sites were surveyed within the watershed which is highly modified as the result of agriculture. Sites were surveyed from February to November of 2017 using back pack electrofishing as well as seining. The Arkansas Darter (Etheostoma cragini), a state threatened species, was collected at 3 of the 29 sites during the study. Previously, the species was only known within the region from the Spring River mainstem and Shoal

Runoff is a portion of the precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that occurs in uncontrolled surface streams, rivers, drains or sewers. It may be classified according to speed of appearance after rainfall or melting snow as direct runoff or base runoff, and according to source as surface runoff, storm interflow, or groundwater runoff.

Imagine a sewer. What does a sewer do? It drains all the water from the streets. A sewer keeps the streets from flooding and it takes the water away to a lake or some body of water. Imagine a sewer, now imagine a watershed. Don’t know what it is, it’s a huge sewer but its made out of land. According to “USGS” a watershed is “an area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel” (Perlman). All the water from precipitation and other things that go into the soil all go to a body of water and eventually reach the ocean. Every human on earth lives on a watershed.

Many people may not know what watersheds are, but they play a critical role in the balance of nature and circulation of the water found all around the world. These watersheds are used to catch precipitation, later draining it into a larger body of water, such as a river, marsh, lake, or ocean. After precipitation, the water or snow flows into the tributaries which are connected to other tributaries forming confluences that finally lead down to the river. The tributaries are formed on hills and mountains which create the downwards flow into the river. The tributaries are located at higher elevations allowing water to be taken downwards through gravity. The rivers sometimes form valleys creating low points within the hills, letting water erode land and create river banks. Groundwater can also be formed by absorbing water through soil and dropping it into caverns which eventually lead to a river. The river, as well as confluences and groundwater, then flow into the larger bodies of water, merging with lakes and sometimes oceans. These steps are represented in the Loire Watershed because it flows down tributaries like; Allier and Besbre, down the hills and leads into the estuary of Atlantic.

The water quality of the U-High creek was found to be excellent. Though the water has excellent quality, some other creeks have very poor water quality. This bad water is due to pollution, and pollution comes from humans. One way water quality can be tainted is pollution from farms. Fertilizer and farm waste can be very harmful to creek water quality. The fertilizer used on crops/ fields can runoff the fields and into creeks due to lots of rain. The chemical pollution in the water leads to high level of nitrate and phosphate. Algae uses this to grow very fast (eutrophication) and then dies and breaks down by bacteria which quickly multiple and use up all the oxygen killing the organisms in the water (Lenntech, 1998-2016). A second way that creeks can become polluted is through chemical waste from industrial companies. Chemical waste from industrial processes are sometimes accidentally dumped into rivers. Some of these chemicals include cyanide, zinc, lead, mercury, cadmium and copper. These toxins may enter the

Portland, Oregon is one of the most sustainable cities in the U.S and is well-known for its urban appeal. Various bureaus within the city have consistently found ways to incorporate sustainability at a time when managing economic pressures and increased demands for natural resources have otherwise been challenging. It comes as no surprise then, that efforts in restoring watershed health play a large role in the city’s overall agenda. Every watershed within Portland’s jurisdiction serves an important purpose; and, while individual management plans do exist, a comprehensive plan has been created to give perspective of watershed health on a city-wide scale. Not only does this allow the city to

Contamination of groundwater is also affected by weather, soil types, and the depth of the aquifer. If it is less than 100 feet to the water table, the vulnerability of contamination is increased. In the Midwest, with a sandy to loamy soil, the groundwater will become more susceptible toward nitrate contamination. In areas where the soil composition is more of a clay compound, no matter if there is an over-use of fertilizer, the vulnerability of the groundwater is greatly reduced. This is the type of situation that occurs in places like southern Indiana where the soils drain very poorly. Through the many factors that are involved, we, as a society, have gained a great amount of knowledge on how to reduce the amount of nitrates in the water source.

Analysis of RNNs revealed that the hidden-to-output function, hidden-to-hidden transition, and input-to-hidden function must be made deeper [3]. Based on the following input sequence: x = (x1; : : : ; xT), a standard RNN is responsible for computing the vector sequence: h = (h1; : : : ; hT) as well as the output vector sequence: y = (y1; : : : ; yT) using two equations (depicted below) from t = 1 to T [3].

Multiple-layer neural network using back propagation training algorithm is popular in neural network modeling because of its ability to recognize the pattern and relationship between non-linear signals. The term of back propagation usually refers to the manner in which the gradients of weights are computed for non-linear multi-layer networks. A neural network must be trained to determine the values of the weights that will produce the correct outputs. The standard or basic training method is called 'Gradient Descent Method’; in which weight changes move the weights in the direction where the error declines most quickly.

Sandy soils in the Southeast are characterized by low nutrient and water holding capacity which is further reduced by intense rainfall patterns and has been exacerbated by long-term farming in the region. These conditions lead to rapid nutrient loss in soils below the root zone. Nutrient run-off is a well-established cause of non-point source pollution affecting bodies of water and negatively impacting water quality.

It is a kind of linear classifier, i.e. an association algorithm that makes it forecasts established in a linear predictor purpose joining a set of weights alongside the feature vector. In this paper, the mathematical background of neural network will be studied firstly. Then, Neural Web Toolbox in MATLB® will be utilized to develop the neural web for assisting the analyzing of an AND gate.

The USSL diagram classification of groundwater samples has been shown in figure 8. The samples are classified as C2-S1, C3-S1, and C4-S1 categories. 23 samples (47 percent) were placed in C2-S1 class. The C2-S1 class points to medium saline water and low sodium amount which poses no hazard of sodium exchange for agricultural usage in every type of soils. 45 percent of groundwater samples (22 samples) were in the C3-S1 class, meaning that water is highly saline, sodium is low and there is little hazard of sodium exchange. The remaining 4 samples (8 percent) were classified in the C4-S1 class.

Deborah Chapman(1996) In:water quality assessments- a guide to use of Biota ,Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring-Second Edition.copyright 1992,1996 UNESCO/WHO/UNEP .ISBN0419215905(HB)04192216006(PB).