Analysis Of William Mortimer J. Adler 's Article Analysis

In the essay “How to Mark a Book” by Mortimer J. Adler, the author explains that “marking up a book is not an act of mutilation, but of love” (1). Adler points out that marking books keeps a reader vigilant to what they are actually reading (2). The author continues on to say owning a book is more than having it sit on a shelf; owning a book means for the reader to make it unique for him or herself, doing so will make reading that much more enjoyable for the reader. Adler also claims that writing small notes or comments as you read helps readers to summarize what they’ve just read, even days later. He says that writing in books allows the brain to store that information deeper into the long term memory making it easier to come back to (2).

Adler gives examples of different ways one can still actively read and make annotations while getting around writing in a book when he suggests, “How about using a scratch pad slightly smaller than the page-size of the book...and then insert these sheets permanently inside the front and back covers of the book” (Adler 19). By offering other ways to make annotations, Adler makes the point that there is no excuse to not actively read. Another way he creates an encouraging tone is by pointing out the flaws of people who do not own books in more than a physical way by using words such as “deluded” (Adler 17) to steer them away from passive reading. Adler’s use of logos also makes the tone persuasive. He explains why writing is necessary by mentioning “the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory” (Adler 18). By providing a fact, Adler provides reason for his ideas to effectively reach out to his audience. One other strategy Adler uses to keep a consistent tone is enumerating devices for marking a book. If Adler would have summarized them in paragraph form, it would have made the tone more informative than persuasive. With listing, he gives off the impression that one should consider trying many different

According to “The Demise of Disciplinary Authority” by Louis Menand academic literary studies is more important than one may think. Menand claims that there is two background categories condition for the academic. The first one is “that knowledge accumulates brick by brick.” The second is the discipline of literary studies. The author goes on to say that the literacy studies have existed since 1960. There was a time in society when literature was not known as its own genre. The author wants the readers to learn and understand that literature is itself genre. Literature studies can be understood as an independent discipline. An author named Levine argues in this article that the future does lie in interdisciplinary work. There was a research done that showed that academic literacy studies became disconnected from the institutional structure it inhabited. The American university was covering up and enjoying a pergola of rapid expansion. The challenge of literacy studies was that it could have simply been put in the existing system.

Bang! You door just got broken down by German officers. They yell at you and treat you with disrespect. They accuse you as a Jew and take you to a concentration camp. Well that's what it was like during the Holocaust. Hearing things about the bloodshed history makes you not wanna be alive during that time period, but a boy named Zigmond had to deal with the compelling plans of Hitler.

What is literature, and why should people read it? These two questions normally surface on the first day of English and literature classes. In fact, as one Introduction to Literature class ended the 2017 Spring semester with student presentations, the final presenter, a middle-age auto mechanic with oily stained hands and a battered countenance, exclaimed most eloquently, “Literature is an alive and breathing thing. It gives life to the past and the present. It makes me know, feel, and love. Without literature, I would be nothing.” Juxtaposed appearance versus thought shows the power and impact of literature. Without literature, we would be nothing; we would have no thought, feelings, or life. By reading, sharing, discussing, and writing, literature breathes life into the breathless. Students are not the only ones who grapple with these questions. What is literature? - is the very question Terry Eagleton opens with in his book Literary Theory: An Introduction. Moving away from the nontraditional student, how does a prominent professor and esteemed literary critic answer the same question? Remarkably, he dittos that of the mechanic. In Eagleton’s opening chapter “The Rise of English,” he responds in much the same way by asserting literature’s “task is to transform society in the name of those energies and values which art embodies” (17). Eagleton adds further elaboration to his view of literature’s development and definition; in his chapter “The Rise of

Adlerian psychotherapists often ask their clients about early recollections. What are the assumptions of this technique and how does it facilitate the therapeutic process?

How to Speak How to Listen by Mortimer Adler discusses the best techniques to use while in an argument. According to Adler, ethos signifies one’s character. Ethos is present when one is trying to have a character that is fitting for the purpose at hand. Ethos includes making yourself attractive to the audience and proving to them that you are credible. An example of having ethos has a lot to do with how I would present myself to the audience. In order for them to believe that I am credible, I must look the part, that includes cleanliness, looking put together, and healthy. If the audience sees that you can take care of yourself, then they have a higher chance of believing that you can take care of them and their situation. Using ethos can also include presenting the audience with a personal story. This will fill them in with background information about myself and let them know how my character played out during whatever situation I spoke about. The situation would have to be similar to the one the audience is facing, in order for them to draw parallels and better understand how I would handle that particular event.

Last night (Tuesday), Rebbetzin Roth, age 80, passed away. She is the wife of Rabbi Joseph Roth of Beth Dovid Shul in Bnei Brak, and the mother-in-law of Rabbi Yitzchok Adler, who passed away in the morning.

Both Levinson and Schultz focused on the importance that experience based civic action projects can have on students. There are some experiences that will not have the same impact being covered in a classroom compared to be seen in action. The Mock Trial in Levinson is a perfect example of this, seeing the mechanics of a legal trial even if it’s only a mock one provides so much more colorful learning experience than what could be covered in a classroom. Experience based civic action projects also offers a critical opportunity to reach students who may often not be active in class. This project may draw out their interest and you may see a side of that student you have never seen before.

"How to Mark a Book" by Mortimer J. Adler is an essay over the author 's belief on the importance of marking or writing inside a book. Adler 's primary purpose is persuasive. He writes to convince the reader to partake in writing in one 's own books when reading to become more efficient. Adler 's secondary purpose is expressive because of the way he describes his least favorite type of reader: "There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers - unread, untouched. This deluded individual owns woodpulp and ink, not books" (17-6).

Alfred Adler was the founder of Adlerian Counseling. He was born in 1870 in the country of Austria. who gave his theory the name Individual Psychology, because he wanted people to see that his theory and methods were designed to help clients help themselves. He believed that everyone had and internal need to be a part of society, and a desire to contribute to that society. That everyone strives for perfection, and everyone initially feels inferior to everyone else. He believed that when that feeling is not overcome, inferiority complexes develop, and if a person tries to overcompensate for inferiority, the develop superiority complex.

In the article On Refusing to Read written by Amy Hungerford (2016), the author argues that with amount of books being published nowadays but the limited time and energy being devoted and social factors being involved, scholars and intellectuals refuse to take time considering the value of the books that they choose, instead, doing research on those that are commonly accepted by normal public in order to make their articles published more easily and to enhance the reputation. Amy (2016) also claims that the narrow choices of the books may cause more valuable ones to be buried. Meanwhile, the visual text, delivered by Jerome Corgier (2016), shows that an upside down umbrella holds a bunch of English words but some overflow from it, which conveys that accepting every piece of information is inefficient and inept. Both texts agree that the abundant outside information influence readers’ selection on books they read. However, the visual text emphasizes more on the imbalance of what individuals take in and what they refuse to read; the article mainly argues the interaction between social forces and scholars’ personal choice towards reading books.

Adlerian theory, also referred to as individual psychology, stresses the need to understand individuals within their social context (Mosak & Maniacci, 2014). Interestingly, Alfred Adler gave his theoretical framework the name, Individual Psychology, which derives from the Latin term individuum. The meaning of individuum translates to “indivisible” and represents the holistic foundation of Adlerian theory (Mosak & Maniacci, 2014). Adlerians assume that every behavior has a purpose, causing them to focus on clients’ “style of life”, or consistent themes that occur throughout their life. Mosak and Maniacci (2014) describe Adler’s “style of life” as, “bias apperceptions about self, others, and the world from a self-consistent cognitive and attitudinal set which organizes and directs movement toward the goal” (p. 12). Accordingly, Adlerian concepts revolve around achieving the main tasks of life through cooperation rather than competition, in work, friendship, love, self-task, and spiritual task (Mosak & Maniacci, 2014). Furthermore, this theory focuses on influences that might encourage the development of exaggerated inferiority, and how these feelings can push people to better themselves in guiding the self-ideal and altering the way they strive toward success, such as through choices and level of responsibility.

The Premature Obituary of the Book: Why Literature is an essay written by Mario Vargas Llosa. In this essay Llosa writes that it is crucial for literature to be a part of people’s lives. In Why Literature he writes that reading is important for the mind, communication, and developing knowledge about life and democratic ideals. Reading is not only important for one’s self but for the world. Just as he mentioned in his quote, it’s not just about the leaf, or the person, but its about seeing the world in different ways and being able to experience and gain knowledge on all subjects. Through his writing he gives many valid points as to why reading literature is important to people of all ages and genders all around the world. Llosa’s persuasive essay is relatable and can get readers thinking about the importance of reading by using many valid points in his essay. Llosa presents his reading to many different audiences and he effectively persuades the audience through his points given in the reading. He does this because he wants the reader to understand why it is necessary for people to learn and experience new things through reading literature and other texts.

Compared to psychoanalysts of Victorian Era, Alfred Adler looked at psychology from a more holistic, humanistic and positive perspective. He was convinced that the main focus should be shifted from biological needs, drives and instincts to individual differences, experience, interaction and social environment. Adler placed great emphasis on sibling and peer group relationships, social interest and achieving perfection. He also introduced the terms inferiority and superiority complex, so commonly used nowadays, to the world.