Analysis of Internet Protocols and Infrastructure Essay

1)A network is when two or more computers are connected together and are able to share data and communication.

as a device in its domain and sends the packet to the host or pushes the packet to the next

Paraphrasing (Stallings, 2007) the function of routers is to get the packet to a destination network. The router reads the header created by the Network Layer of the protocol stack on the source computer. The router can be configured to filter by protocol, source

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are the basic communication protocols, which were designed to provide low level support for internetworking. This term is generally also used to refer to a more generalised collection of protocols developed by the internet community and U.S. Department of Defence.

The internet layer is built up of four core protocols: IP, IGMP, ICMP and ARP. Internet protocol (IP) is responsible for routing, IP addressing and breakdown/reassembly of data packets, address resolution protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address to a device on the local network, internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides diagnostic information and error reports on lost packets, internet group management protocol (IGMP) controls who receives IP datagrams in a single transmission. The transport layer is built up of two core protocols: TCP and UDP. Transmission control protocol (TCP) sequences and acknowledges packets sent and their recovery when lost in transmission allowing the computer to make and maintain network conversations where applications exchange data, defined as a connection-oriented protocol meaning the connection is maintained until the programs has finished exchanging data. User datagram protocol (UDP) This is used to transfer small amounts of data when the use of error correction isn’t needed increasing the speed of the transmission, common in multi-player video games as the user will not need to receive packets of past events in the game so the error correction featured in (TCP) would be

A network interface card or a NIC is a circuit board or card you can install in your computer so that it can be connected to a network. It allows

6. Why is Ethernet technology more appealing to users than the rest of the LAN technologies?

3. NETWORK (layer 3) – Provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node.

Packets also known as frames are grouped amounts of data that are sent across a network. However, packets differ from frames in that a packet contains that data to be sent, including the source and destination Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. A frame is packet that contains the data, the source and destination IP addresses, Media Access Control (MAC) source and destination addresses, and error checking. The MAC addresses are added at the beginning of the data also known as a header. An error checking code is also added to the end of the data which is referred to as a trailer. After the packet has been “framed”, the frame is then sent over the networking medium (i.e. Ethernet cable).

There are two types of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of the features that UDP possesses that are not provided by TCP/IP. First, UDP is a connectionless protocol (No handshake), which means packets sent from one node to another without making sure whether any packet may be lost during the transfer. TCP, on the other hand, makes sure to establish a connection in order to send the packets from one node to another without losing any packets. It is also known as handshake process, where nodes synchronize (SYN),

The transport layer: This layer determines how the packets are transported such as the order and what to do if there are errors. The purpose of this layer is to make sure the data be transported correctly. Besides, due to the limitation of physic (maximum IP packet size is 65535bits), the speed of transportation is limited. As a result, this layer needs break big data in to small packets. This can also collect small data into a big packet to reduce unnecessary transmission, which can improve the transmitting speed. Example protocols are TCP, UDP, SCTP.

Generally, every component in a network is called a node. Each node is further identified by the specific task it performs. A user's node is called a terminal or a workstation. This can be a "dumb" device, meaning it has no operating system, just a monitor and keyboard, or a "smart" node, meaning it can do it's own computing because of an internal central processor.

A computer network is a network that consist of two or more computers that are able to share information between them or their users. There are a large variety of different networks and the advantages or disadvantages are strongly related to the type of network we choose.

Data transmitted on a network is a packet, which is a sequence of zeros and ones (binary) (Strangio, 2016). Packets are first wrapped in a frame, which has all the labels or addresses of both the sending and receiving computers on the network. When a router receives a packet, it examines the frame to see who sent it, and to which device on the network is it going to, then it forwards the packet to the destination. Below in a chronological order of how computer A will send a data (packet) to computer B on the network above.

Well-known communications protocols are Ethernet, a hardware and Link standard that is ubiquitous in local area networks, and the Internet Protocol Suite, which defines a set of protocols for internetworking, i.e. for data communication between multiple networks, as well as host-to-host data transfer, and application-specific data transmission formats.