Analysis of Timothy's Case Study Essay

Attachment theory is an emotional bond that connects one person to another. Attachment theory deals with intimacy in relationships and the impact an attachment can have across a person’s lifespan. Attachment theory usually focuses on the relationships between a child and a parent/caregiver or between partners. John Bowlby and Mary

Even though insecure attachment does not cause psychopathology directly, early childhood attachment, family context, and other social experiences may shape a person in such a way that certain developmental pathways are more likely to be followed than others. Such adolescents and their parents may become weighed down by effect associated individuation which, in turn, contributes to conflict. Data support a significant association between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms in adolescents (Hankin, 2005; Irons & Gilbert, 2005). Data also show that insecure attachment is associated with anxiety symptoms in adolescents (Muris & Meesters, 2002; Muris, Meesters, van Melick, & Zwambag, 2001). Eventually, such attachment dimensions may be vulnerability for later anxiety and depressive symptoms (Davila, Ramsay, Stroud, & Steinberg, 2005). Parenting contributions also include abuse, teem parenting, substance abuse, or intergenerational attachment difficulties. There are some contributions from child that can affect attachment pattern later in life, like, physical and/or emotional unavailability of child, babies with difficult temperament, premature birth, lack of fit with parent, medical conditions causing unrelieved pain, hospitalization, failure to thrive syndrome, congenital and / or biological problems, neurological impairment, FAS, in utero drug exposure, physical handicap, teratogen exposure, genetic disorders etc. (Potter, & Sullivan,

Research has revealed that there is a strong relationship between insecure attachment and a history of abuse and neglect (Begle, Dumas & Hanson, 2010). Insecure attachments are formed due to parenting stress and abusive parenting behavior. Parenting stress and abusive parenting behavior form children’s mental schemas of how the world works based upon early interactions with caregivers. These mental schemas construct their expectations about relationships. Ultimately

The importance of a healthy attachment in early childhood development can lead to a better adult development and skills for daily life. A secure and healthy attachment to the caregiver in infancy to adolescence showcases the importance of building strong relationships and coping skills during periods of stress and anxiety. The research that has been found, goes into detail about the different types of attachments that infants and children can develop as well as what negative and positive aspects come along with the attachments.

According to researchers, they believe this has a connection to their early environment during their first 18 months of life. This study included 40 children who lived below the federal poverty line. Out of these 40 individuals, 23 had mothers who reported that they worked full time or had two jobs in order to make ends meet during the interview portion of the study (Fearon, 2010, p. 445). When the children were interviewed, many did not directly admit to feelings of resentment towards their mother for not being there, but it was apparent in their responses. Out of the 40 children, 27 showed signs of insecure attachment to their mother based on their ability to trust others, their thoughts on relationships and their insecurity levels overall (Fearon, 2010, p.451). The parents were asked to rate their child on levels of aggression, violence, and defiant and criminal behaviors. It was found that insecure attachment predicted discernibly higher parent reported levels of externalizing behaviors such as aggression, hyperactivity and defiance than their same aged counterparts. The link between insecure attachment and externalizing behaviors is believed to exist due to feelings of neglect and disconnect (Fearon, 2010, pg. 453). These children have a sense that no one in their life cares for them so they act out. They either believe they will not get in trouble for their actions or they seek these actions as a way to gain attention from their parents since they are usually ignored. This relationship is seen more often for children in poverty since both their parents are often at work or they often come from a single parent household where the mother has to work and the parents are likely unable to afford daycare. Due to this instability in their life with their caregivers, food, housing, transportation, etc., children often feel unsafe in

II. Introduction The responses listed within this writing are about the firsthand experiences that are described within the book A Child Called “It” written by Dave Pelzer. Although there is an overabundance of examples of abuse, neglect and maltreatment given in this book, the support listed is narrowed down to give the best samples of why a reader may feel these specific situations occurred. Each segment will be discussed and explained fully so that the reader is able to grasp why each specific reference was selected.

It also involves social context and behavior. At around 12 months the Attachment relationships are by insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant types. Disorganized attachment is where the parent seems to be disconnected and dissociated with the infant. Parenting style and behavior tend to interfere with the children’s formation of attachment. Parental intrusiveness is a no contingent, verbal directives or physical behaviors in parents that constrain the children’s activities and behavior. In this study parents believed that discipline and control and child temperament had no significant correlation now were they correlated with attachment disorganization. Child gender did significantly show a higher disorganization for boys than girls negative intrusive parenting at age 6 months, parental belief in discipline and control at age 6 months, and child difficult temperament at age 6 months. Overall, Negative intrusive parenting did have an impact on attachment disorganization and children temperament. Negative intrusive parenting style can lead to provoke fear in young children which then reflects to the children being disorganized attachment as early as 6 months. Parenting style has a large effect on the child’s attachment and temperament as they grow older. Parenting strong belief in discipline and control could lead to a long term consolidate and stabilize negative

Insecure-Resistant infants ( Type C attachments) : They were upset at separation but didn't easily accept comfort when their mother returned. They rejected their mother's attempts to comfort them. They appeared to expect a difficult relationship and couldn't seem to decide whether they wanted closeness or distance, alternating between both. 15% of the infants had this type of attachment.

2) Anxious-Resistant Insecure Attachment – When the child is left in the room with the stranger they are very unsettled and do not want to carry on exploring or playing in their environment and when their primary caregiver comes to collect the child they may push them away because they have been left with a stranger.

When Dreams Come True Few people, even in today's world, are truly open-minded to the differences of others. They decide at an early age what, they believe, is the right way to live. But what happens when a truly unique boy is brought up in an environment where he is forced to believe he only has one option in life? "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather is a short story beautifully illustrating a young boy fighting to hold on to his identity in a town where his dreams are looked down upon and criticized. His struggle is displayed through characterization, setting, and symbolism.

Although secure attachment during infancy is the foundation for continued healthy positive development during the lifespan, it is important to understand that other factors can have a significant effect on development later in life (i.e. illness, loss, and trauma). However, research has shown the importance of consistent care giving that is responsive and nurturing and the caregivers’ ability to effectively accommodate more difficult temperament characteristics ,as well as other factors, influence the development of healthy attachment{{64 Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian 2003}}. Research has also shown that infancy and early childhood is the period of development where scaffolding begins and continues (Vygotsky, 1978; Zhao & Orey,1999).

Development is an essential and mandatory constituent of human life that operates on multiple levels. It is a precise process, and there are a number of factors that affect its effectiveness. In particular, the development of a child is determinant of the adolescent behaviors, uniqueness and intelligence. Therefore, a considerable degree of weight is placed on the components that lead to the maturity of the child. In the development of a child, one of the key principles is called attachment. Just as safe attachment between the caregiver and the child can result in successful physical, mental and social development, vulnerable attachment can yield damaging consequences for the child in these areas (DeMulder, Denham, Schmidt, & Mitchell, 2000). Reactive attachment disorder is a likely outcome of unsafe attachment that eventually restricts the child’s capacity to emotionally and socially connect with other individuals, while destroying the cognitive ability as well (Crosson-Tower, 2013). This paper presents a detailed discussion on the attachment disorder in children and its impact on child development.

Child Abuse Research Paper Most parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver.Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them.Child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. But the incidence of parents and other caregivers consciously, even willfully, committing acts that harm the very children they’re supposed to be nurturing is a sad fact of human society that cuts

Securely attached infants have a good quality of relationship with their parents. In the strange situation, where parents leave their child alone or with a stranger in a room full of toys, these children are upset when their parents leave, but easily comforted when they return. The child uses the parent as a “secure base” from which to explore the environment. In the strange situation, insecure/resistant infants

Child abuse and neglect have immediate and long-term consequences. In addition to negatively impacting the child, child abuse and neglect impacts the family, the school community, and even future generations. The ability to survive and be successful in the face of child abuse and neglect depends on a variety of factors, including the extent and type of abuse or neglect, whether it was continual or infrequent, the age of the child when abuse was initiated, the child’s relationship to the abuser, and how the abuse or neglect was responded to. Outcomes are also dependent on the child’s personality traits, inner strength, and the support the child receives from those around them. It is important to acknowledge that some children will not develop behavioral problems, so it cannot be assumed that a