Analysis of the Uncertainty Reduction Theory on Interpersonal Communication

The idea about human to reconcile the uncertainties of the past with a new or present situation. Throughout the year I studied the texts about, novel 1984 by George Orwell, a film Good Will Hunting and Shakespeare's play Hamlet. In these texts because the characters' uncertainty about the past, they won’t succeed in future situations in their lives. I'm referring from the text of how these uncertainties can have an effect for these protagonists throughout the story until they reach tougher situations.

Firstly, Uncertainty reduction theory was written by Charles Berger, his theory focus on the way human predict and interact to others. His theory focused on two types of uncertainty and eight Atoms for uncertainty. According to Charles Uncertainty reduction theory is an increased knowledge of what kind of person another is, which provides an improved forecast of how a future interaction will turn out. In another word mean that communication is the key to form health relationship. As human we communicate to generally understand one another and to also reduction our uncertainty. I can apply uncertainty reduction theory to my love life, my first day at a new school, making new friends and meeting new people, new location, and I can also apply uncertainty reduction theory to my first job interview, and many other situation to my life.

According to this theory, human beings have the belief or illusion that their actions have direct influence on the events when in reality no such connection exists. Thus

Knapp, M. L., Vangelisti, A. L. (2005). Interpersonal Communication and HumanRelationships. (5th ed.) Boston: Pearson.

Starting with the background knowledge and miscellaneous information that gives us a better understanding of what goes on in scientific research, Barry gives us a comparison between certainty and uncertainty. Describing certainty, the author uses words with good connotation, “Certainty creates strength. Certainty gives one something upon which to lean.” The words to be looking at here are strength and an action that can be done with certainty that feels supportive. When describing uncertainty the author uses words with a bad connotation, sort of making connotation seem the better option, “Uncertainty creates weakness. Uncertainty makes on tentative if not fearful, and tentative steps, even when in the right direction, may not overcome significant obstacles.” The word

Does certainty actually provide security, or does it set one for failure? Does doubt cause negativity or does it prepare one for the future? The idea whether certainty or doubt causes the fulfillment of dreams, goals and the future as questioned many. Certainty creates security and assurances, but is anything certain? Nothing in the world is ever certain; one’s world can be flipped upside down in the matters of days, hours, minutes and even a split of a second. Unlike certainty, doubt allows one to know there is a chance that the odds are against one. William Lyon Phelps supports certainty as a factor for success, while Bertrand Russell favors doubt because it creates comfort and prepares one for reality. Using

John M. Barry describes certainty as a way to “create strength” and “gives one something upon which to lean”. Uncertainty is something described as a way to “create weakness” and “makes one tentative if not fearful...may not overcome significant obstacles.” This opens up the essay to the audience so that they can have the ability to agree or disagree with the statements made in the first paragraph. He further on describes that being a scientist means to have “the courage to accept- indeed, embrace- uncertainty.” That’s why these statements were included in the first paragraph: to show that one major characteristic of scientist and scientific research is to be able to accept uncertainty/ the unknown.

When a person plans or wants to do something, he or she has a motivation for that specific thing. In other words, when a person does something, that person has a reason why he or she should do that thing. Not always there is a reason to do something, but sometimes may be many reasons that are backing a person to take those actions to do it. This happens not only to humans, or living organisms, but also in nonliving organisms. An example is when a rock which had bounced after it hit the floor while falling down. Scientists may tell some of the reasons why the rock does that kind of action, but they cannot tell all of the reasons that back the rock’s actions. A similar thing, as the scientists, was Alfie Kohn trying to do in his essay, “Why

Communication is an ongoing process in which individuals exchange messages whose meanings are influenced by the history of the relationship and the experiences of the participants. (Adler, p.384) Communication depends on relationships between the people who are communicating, and on common basics between them. Problems in communications between people may arise due to differences in cultures, perceptions, values, and expectations from life.

Uncertainty is a principle in quantum mechanics. Moreover, the exact position and momentum of an atomic particle can only be known within certain limit which creates uncertainty or an in deterministic outcome. First we must determine what is causal, macroscopic objects that are visible to the naked eye are deterministic to an extraordinary degree. Second, laws of motion are deterministic enough to have a physical space station in orbit around our earth. Thirdly, there is quantum level noise that can cause randomness to the brain through the sensory organs and could create random associations of ideas during memory recall and these microscopic fluctuations can disrupt the macro level brain. Correspondingly, the Marco mind in the physical brain

In the 21st century our communication mediums have changed, know we Whats App Facebook or email rather than calling or visiting in person. What hasn 't changed is that when we communicate most of the time another human being is on the other end and. This chapter will discuss not only how to communicate with diplomacy but how messages of communication are interpreted. In the workplace communication is probably one of the most important factors as people need to receive clearly communicated messages to be on the right track. It could be that you need to so some public speaking at the workplace and not only is your confidence being shook up, your nerves are on edge worrying how to communicate you message. Not only how we communicate with others that impacts our success what’s also a key part is how we communicate with ourselves and overcome internal negative dialogue. Did you know that only 8% of our communication is based on the words we say? Also did you know that 37% of our communication is based on our tone of voice? Did you know that the remaining 55% comes from our facial expressions and body language? If you find this hard to believe just think of when someone says something to you and they come across as rude. More often than not it was the way they said it vs the actual words they said. When communication is open and employees are connected

Throughout the semester, we have studied numerous communication theories. Their purpose is to help understand exactly what happens when we interact with others. We might not necessarily agree with all of the theories, but the idea is to develop tools to evaluate situations we may encounter. Often, when the theories are explained in the readings or lecture, it is beneficial to apply the concepts to a "real life" situation. Using this approach, I will use a situation that many of us have faced, or will face, and analyze it according to a particular communication theory.

The Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory of Effective Communication is to explain how managing uncertainty and anxiety help achieve effective communication with “strangers”. The theory argues that most of our communication involves both interpersonal and intergroup processes, but communication with outgroup members has more intergroup than interpersonal factors, which causes higher uncertainty and anxiety. Managing uncertainty and anxiety is a main contribution to effective communication (e.g., measured by mutual understanding) given that they mediate other superficial factors that influence effective communication. Effective communication requires that both uncertainty and anxiety be between our minimum and maximum thresholds, and we should have mindfulness which involves creating new categories, being open to new information and aware of different perspectives. Uncertainty is our cognitive phenomenon which prevents us from predicting strangers’ attitudes, behaviors and thoughts. Where our uncertainty is above maximum, we do not have confidence in predicting strangers’ behaviors. Where our uncertainty is below minimum, we do not pay attention to cues to potential misunderstanding. Anxiety is an affective phenomenon which prevents effective communication with strangers. Where our anxiety is above maximum, we do not feel comfortable and process information based on our negative stereotypes in intergroup interactions. Where our anxiety is below minimum, we do not have any

Curiosity reflects an essential desire for new information to inspire interest and/or ignore uncertainty, which is aroused by novel, complex, and therefore can motivate exploratory behavior (Litman et al., 2005). There are four type diverse type of curiosity that had found from researchers which is perceptual, epistemic, sensory, and interpersonal.

Radosevich, D. J., Levine, M. S., Sumner, K. E., Knight, M. B., Arendt, L. A., & Johnson, V. A. (2009). The role of expectancy theory in goal striving processes. Journal Of The Academy Of Business & Economics, 9(4), 186-192.