Analysis on Corporate Governance

In today’s world, healthcare is provided in one of two ways. Most developed countries provide it free. Either the required care itself is free or one pays for it with free insurance provided by the government, known as not-for-profit. The alternative is obviously for-profit. In such systems, individuals pay for services either out of pocket or using private insurance provided by their employer. In which case, part of the payment for policy premium is generated through payroll deduction. Furthermore, the healthcare system can be considered either as a closed or an open system, for which the United States (U.S.) has both. The U.S. healthcare system when compared to the French system has its similarities and differences. Funding for healthcare

Some health care costs may be paid by the patient and some health care costs may be covered by the universal health insurance program. There is perhaps no domain of economic activity that has generated more controversy in the United States than health care. In the advanced capitalist world, the United States is the only country within which the market plays a substantial role in the delivery of health care services; all other countries have one form or another of universal, publicly supported health care policies. In other intance if we differ from what is universal health from socialized heatlh. Some people refer to universal health care as socialized medicine. The term “socialized medicine” is primarily used for only in the United States by those who do not support the idea of universal health care(cite). Given the understanding that outside the US, is a different situation saying that the terms most used are universal health care or public health

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are 49 million Americans without healthcare insurance and more than 10 million are non-U.S. citizens (http://www.census.gov). Because many people are uninsured and those that do have insurance pay high deductibles, Americans often dismiss the need for doctor’s visits for minor problems or annual physicals. As a result, health problems that can be detected at an early stage or prevented altogether become major illnesses. Individuals with disabilities hold one of the biggest weaknesses in the healthcare system because they cannot often obtain affordable health coverage.

Socialized medical systems are designed to disregard the insurance industry and disregard income while providing health care for all. Healthcare in the United States is constantly changing and advancing, which requires the cost of health insurance to rise. The idea of socialized medicine is prominent, until the aspects of socialized medicine are brought to attention. Every aspect of a socialized health care industry is controlled and powered by the government; most doctors, nurses, medics and administrators are government employees, and the government decides when, where, and how services are provided. Even though socialized healthcare systems would save money, it is a prominent idea but not worth the problems because total government control over the way healthcare is distributed would result in complications of the citizens.

Health insurance in the United States is not a single nationwide system and is much more diverse in terms of production methods (Ridic, Gleason & Ridic, 2012). Health insurance is either purchased privately or provided to some public groups from the government, mainly Medicare and Medicaid (Ridic, Gleason & Ridic, 2012). Medicare is a nationally run program for aged and disabled individuals (Ridic, Gleason & Ridic, 2012). Medicaid provides coverage economically disadvantaged groups (Ridic, Gleason & Ridic, 2012). The Affordable Care Act of 2012, established a shared responsibility between the government, employers and individuals ensuring all Americans have access to affordable health insurance (The Commonwealth Fund, 2016). For private

However, this causes a financial burden. Medicare is a program which provides insurance benefits to all individuals aged sixty-five and older, including younger people with disabilities (Grabowski, 2007). Medicare covers few long-term care services and Medicaid covers the rest of the huge amount. “Policy options include capitation, pay-for-performance, and federalization, in which federal government would assume the Medicaid’s costs for the dually eligible population” (Grabowski, 2007). Medicaid and Medicare programs do not sufficiently cover acute and long-term care services, an example. After the injury the disability process takes long. There is a language barrier, institutional barrier, and ratio cost-sharing. Also, cost shifting within health care settings, and cost shifting across health care settings needs major improvements. Policy holders should expand their critical

Things such as parking spaces, wide enough doorways and just natural traveling within the facilities are deterrents to these people for seeking care. Including the lack of height-adjustable examination tables, weight scales accessible for those with mobility or activity limitations, lack of broad doorways for wheelchairs, and sign language interpreters for the deaf (Schwartz,2012). The failure to enter a building is not the main reason individuals can’t be accommodated. Inaccessible equipment is a far more common barrier (Lagu, Lezzoni, & Lindenauer, 2014).

According to an article in the Health Affairs Journal there are approximately 60 million American citizens covered by state based Medicaid and Medicare programs. These individuals are at the highest risk of facing chronic health issues and has issues with their ability to access quality health care services. Low income seniors and adults with disabilities make up the vulnerable population within the United States. These individuals are the sickest and poorest individuals within the community and are dually eligible for government assisted health programs, Medicaid and Medicare. Based on an article written by Rostai, Russell, Peng, Brickner, Kurowski, and Sheehan, within today’s society, caring for the vulnerable population is fragmented,

The United States system of healthcare when compared with healthcare systems in the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and Taiwan is far more expensive, is notably inefficient, leaves 47 million people uninsured, and forces "hundreds of thousands of people into bankruptcy," according to a PBS video "Sick Around the World." This paper compares the current U.S. healthcare system which at the moment is undergoing a difficult transition into the Affordable Care Act with the healthcare programs in the above-mentioned countries.

Healthcare in the United States of America is very controversial, and viewed in many different facets. Arguably, the biggest social problems Americans’ face in connection to healthcare are affordability and accessibility. While Canadians have provincial health insurance (in Ontario this is known as OHIP) – which covers most, if not all, life threatening illnesses and injuries, the USA widely relies on health insurance provided by employers, at least for the working, middle, and upper classes. Government provided health care is mostly provided to those who have extremely low income

Health insurance in this country can trace its early origins back to 1847, when the plans were offered that provided disability compensation to participants, then, beginning in the 1930’s, insurance became more focused on financing the costs due to illness (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2016). Unlike countries that have a single national program to fund medical services for their citizens, the United States currently relies on a multi-payer system to finance health care (Gusamano & Rodwin, n.d., p.55). Utilizing this multi-payer system certainly has implications within many areas of this nation’s health care delivery and its favorable impact over a single payer system for three of these; quality of care, timely access to treatment, and

Reasonable access to quality medical care is such an important issue to each of us. It is necessary to take an objective but proactive look at what options are available to us. As a citizens of a nation we must weigh the evidence and decide which system is best for us. Is socialized or government controlled healthcare the answer to our problems? I want to review just three of the points that affect availability under socialized care.

As the country changes there has been many grassroots movements for healthcare reform. (Hoffman, 2003). When a person has to work but is unable to due to injury and or sickness riddles the person with high cost medical bills that does nothing but stress and worsens the situation of the person. America has gone through many healthcare reforms but is still slow to get treatment for the people who depend on government aided care.

This was a very interesting article, in my opinion it brings to mind the derived phrase, which came first the chicken or the egg. Meaning, is corporate governance an attempt to control the results of unethical practices of corporations or is it meant to deter them. In reading this article, it is clear that certain corporations practiced unethical business behaviors for self-interest, but the questions this author have are: 1. Should corporate governance be regulated by the legislature as well as the organization and to what degree, 2. Is corporate governance, there to protect the shareholder or the stakeholder, 3. How effective is corporate governance on a global level. The need for a governance system is based on the assumption that the separation between the owners of a company and its management provides self-interest executives the opportunity to take actions that benefit themselves, with the cost of these actions borne by the owners (Larcker & Tayan, 2008).

It is a patchwork of loosely connected financing mechanisms varying in terms of sponsorship and provider type. It also reflects the age, health and economic status of the specific patient groups that are being served. Considering the growing number of Americans who are uninsured for health care and the low ranking of the United States among a variety of health indicators, one may say that it is a disappointing financing system. These observations provide a basis for supporting our position for a national health care system. Where possible, comparisons will be drawn between the United States and other countries. Special focus will be paid to similarities in the public and private financing components of the system, reimbursement of various provider categories and trends that we may expect to see in the future.