Analytical Modal Of Circular Patch

This antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate. It has dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. copper material is used for ground plane and patch. We provided microstrip line feeding to this antenna.

Among numerous choices, it is the most simple and result oriented approach. After selecting the resonant mode, it is the resonator’s dielectric constant value and its aspect ratio (a/h) that define the obtainable bandwidth. In simple geometric shapes such as cylindrical DRAs the smallest possible εr value makes Q-factor low which as a consequence results in wider bandwidth [34].

The fig.3 and 4 above is a simulated result showing the red is return loss (S11) and blue is insertion loss (S21) obtained for model. Figure 4 shows the reflection and transmission factor measured for the range 1 GHz to 4GHz. This result gives that the bandpass characteristics are valid for a wide range of EM spectrum for communication. In order to get detailed characteristics in the neighborhood of 2.45 GHz, Figure 4 gives more information needed to the measurement results. With the 3 dB boundary, we get about 260 MHz bandwidth, and insertion loss of -4.3 dB, with parametric dimension as given in Table.1.

An RF design, evaluate and select a WLAN architecture, a site survey, and capacity and coverage are the issues that need to be addressed before implementing a WLAN. Because there are limitations and performance issues to consider

Beholding the unmatchable technology of transmitting & receiving electric waves wirelessly by Hertz during late 1880’s, today is recognized as the fundamental building block of radio.

The frequency selection is another important aspect in transmission. Here we have selected the license free 2.45 GHz ISM band for our purpose. The Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for non-commercial use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. The ISM bands are defined by the ITU-T in S5.138 and S5.150 of the Radio

When the filling material is homogenous ieε1=ε2=2ε0 the patch has its resonance at f=w/2π=2.12GHz.However loading patch with an ENG material can reduce the resonance frequency in principle without limits.When permittivity ε2=-2ε0,the rasonsnce frequency may be made arbitrarily low.The value of plasma frequency

In this paper, the copper and flexible printed graphene with highly conductive are used as patches antennas for wideband applications. The copper antenna has been designed to operate for a dual band from 2.65 to 3.2 GHz and from 4.59 to 5.34 GHz, with maximum gain 2 and 3.37, dBi for first and second respectively. But the flexible graphene patch mounted on an elastic substrate introduces more wide impedance bandwidths, from 2.6 to 3.2 GHz and from 4.84 to 7 GHz with maximum gain 1.04 and 1.33 dBi for first and second respectively. The copper structure has been fabricated and measured. The return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and the gain of the structures are investigated. All the simulated results are analyzed, it is concluded that graphene

Wi-Fi Internet access is fast gaining popularity as we are entering the 'unplugged ' phase of communication technology. This journey towards an unplugged world began with the first telegraph and first radio. Since then, telecommunication technology has not looked back and has shown its versatility by contributing to every field of technology. Wi-Fi has developed from synergy of wireless communication, computer networking and Internet technology. It has radically changed the way we connect and communicate.Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Wi-Fi works on three modes namely Ad hoc, Infrastructure and Extended modes.Ad hoc network is P2P mode. Ad hoc does not use any intermediary device such as Access Point. Infrastructure and Extended modes use Access Point as interface between wireless clients.To create wireless networks with a range of about one hundred meters,802.11 technologyWith proper planning and selection antennas, same equipment can be used to make point-to-multipoint links and point-to-point links of several hundred meters.In this projectto enhance the coverage area of an access point to several hundred

modern communication devices, and day-to-day communication is done through it. Study of literature of past few year shows that, the leading work on Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) is focused on designing for dual frequency and dual polarized operation on arbitrary shape of patch with commercially simulated software. This review paper demonstrates some commonly engaged techniques to fabricate Microstrip patch antenna with dual frequency and dual polarized operation since last few decades. Index Terms - Patch Antenna, Simulator Software, Frequency, Polarization, Gain. I. INTRODUCTION Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) is commonly used because of its low profile, low cost and ease of manufacturing.

2.Introduction:- In high-performance spacecraft, aircraft, missile and satellite applications, where size, weight, cost, performance, ease of installation, and aerodynamic profile are constraints, low profile antennas may be required. Presently, there are many other government and commercial applications, such as mobile radio and wireless communications that have similar specifications. To meet these requirements, micro strip antennas can be used [1,2].

I Saksham Gupta student of B.Tech Electronic and Communication hereby declare that the project titled “Software defined radio for RFID” which is submitted by me to Department of Amity School of engineering and technology (ASET), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in B.Tech Electronic and Communication, has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or other similar title or recognition.The Author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copy righted material appearing in the Dissertation / Project report other than brief excerpts requiring only proper acknowledgement in scholarly writing and all such use is acknowledged.

CIRCULAR PATCH- ANDREA ALU et al[2[Only fundamental mode can be excited in such a wavelength rectangular cavity, providing out of phase radiation from radiating edge of patch. A sub wavelength resonance tuned at desired frequency while gain of radiator is expected to be very poor. The parallel plate cavity showed analogus limitation there are no degree of freedom in selecting the desired operating mode in sub wavelength regime of operation. A circular patch antenna loaded by a grounded inhomogeneous substrate with thickness h ,consisting of a planar layer with permittivity and permeability ε1(w).µ1(w)with a core ring with permittivity and permeability ε2(w).µ2(w).The quantity η represent the filling ratio of volume underneath the patch.

The motive of this paper is to propose a novel band stop Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). The proposed FSS provides security to wireless networks used by sensitive areas. It also provides security to explosive devices by blocking both GSM-900 and GSM-1800 frequency bands.

In today’s generation of wireless communication system, the Micro strip patch antenna plays very important role. There are different advantages of high performance Micro strip patch antenna such as small size, light weight ,low cost, low volume and easy to fabricate .Like no of advantages Micro strip Patch antenna has some drawbacks such as low gain, narrow bandwidth, low efficiency. These drawbacks can be minimizing by changing the design parameters of patch antenna or by applying array structure with improved DGS structure in it.