Analyze The Collection Process

Technical collection has several intelligence disciplines. One is SIGINT. SIGINT, or signals intelligence is information derived from electronic signals. A subset of this is COMINT, or communications intelligence (Clark 2014, 89). This is information derived from communications. Other SIGINT may come from other electronic intercepts like radar which is called ELINT, or electronic intelligence (Clark 2014, 334). Another technical collection method is

Consolidation of the intelligence community under the DNI increases collaboration by inculcating a culture of “jointness”, similar to collaborative efforts by the military services following the Goldwater-Nichols reform. Second, establishment of the National Intelligence Coordination Center (NIC-C) provides DNI with a way to coordinate and focus collection efforts across the intelligence community. Lastly, The Library of National Intelligence provides a means for analysts across the intelligence community to gain access to additional sources.

The information and images accumulated can be in turn be used within the intelligence community and shared with foreign law enforcements organizations providing them a snapshot of what was discovered to assist the United States with stopping

Production of intelligence has change drastically since the Cold War. During the Cold War, the main intelligence gathering methods were mainly organized on the collection side, using SIGINT, IMINT, and HUMINT. Today we face a new enemy, where we must change our typical intelligence gathering methods. As we changed our methods,

The most efficient and effective tool used to develop intelligence products is the intelligence fusion concept. This idea caught on rapidly. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has a far-reaching mission and a substantial funding budget, the GIWG recognized the benefits of standardization. This effort would produce better work quality by the fusion centers and is ensured by the creation of the Fusion Center Guidelines by the GIWG. The Guidelines primarily focused on criminal information, additionally law enforcement and the private sector attention to the information-sharing relationship is given. The focus included how public safety relates to homeland security intelligence. The goal of the fusion process is to involve as many law enforcement agencies in the information-sharing process as possible. The most competent means in

For ILP to be successful there has to be a clear understanding of the functions and roles of intelligence and information when applied to the decision-making process (Shaible and Sheffield, 2011), and there also has to be a clear understanding of what intelligence is. One of the issues with the ILP model is not understanding hoe information is turned into intelligence. It’s important to point out that information doesn’t equate to intelligence. Intelligence should be viewed as “information plus analysis”, and can also be defined as “Intelligence is not what is collected; it is what is produced after collected data is evaluated and analyzed. (Peterson 2005, 10). Both definitions emphasize that the collection of information or data does not equate to actionable intelligence, instead that information has to be analyzed in order to influence polices and affect the targeting process in criminal investigations and operations (Ratcliff, 2003).

2. (U) Background. The role of HUMINT Collectors is to obtain foreign information from people and multiple media sources to identify adversary elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, personnel, and capabilities. It uses human sources and a variety of collection methods to gather information to satisfy the commander's intelligence requirements, and cross-cue other intelligence disciplines. (FM2-0) HUMINT Collectors will use human sources as a means and other variation of collection methods, such as

The second step is called “Collection” which is the finished product of intelligence when information is gathered about an act or situation that has occurred within the realms of terror attacks. Pertaining to the show bomber later on the investigators found that the shoes held the contents of plastic explosives hidden in the hallow soles of his shoes;

This method of intelligence collection is further broken down into the types of signals that are intercepted when collecting information. Communications intelligence, known as, COMINT, is what is used to collect information via air waves, fiber optics, cable wires, etc. This method is used to collect the sounds of voices, videos, Morse code signals, and even messages being sent over a fax machine. The next type of signal intelligence is referred to as electronic intelligence, or ELINT. Electronic intelligence is more complicated, but overall it consists of intercepting and analyzing systems such as radars; this method is helpful in locating the position of, say, a foreign GPS device to better locate where a foreign person is at. The last form of signal intelligence is called foreign instrumentation signal intelligence or FISINT. FISINT is helpful in processing and recording the readings of a foreign instrument device; when a foreign country is utilizing new types of weapons we are able to understand the design information and other pertinent instruction as to how it will be used (Federation of American Scientists,

The United States Intelligence community draws on advanced technology and analytical techniques. An intelligence process that sets objectives, collects, analyzes, and report findings, with feedback loops integrated throughout. Explicitly, the intelligence community advantages technology and tradecraft within a proscribed process. However, estimation of threats and decision-making are outcomes of human thinking. Analysts and policymakers create mental models, or short cuts to manage complex, changing environments. In other words, to make sense of ambiguous or uncertain situations, humans form cognitive biases. Informed because of personal experience, education, and specifically applied to intelligence analysis, Davis

The close personal involvement of both the source and Human Intelligence agent make this method of collection susceptible to counterintelligence and deception. This can lead to questionable intelligence that in some cases can never be fully resolved (Logan 2010). The long development times are a result of necessary trust building that is required on both sides. The Human Intelligence agent must have a level of trust in the source as well as the information that they are providing. While the source must trust that the agent is real and going to provide what is promised. As an example the agent must prove they are not the FBI and the source must prove they are providing legitimate information. Technical intelligence collection can overcome some of Human Intelligence weakness; but, they have limitations of their

Collection basically represents a group i.e., set of object units. JAVA provides Collection framework to manipulate group of objects with operations like sorting, seraching , insertion etc.

Data can be collected through human sources, satellites, wiretapping, signals, and internet traffic. However, intelligence organizations must be in compliance with the law to ensure that they are not illegally collecting information (Chesney, 2012). Collection occurs because a threat is likely to occur or agencies are trying to find out what information our foreign adversaries possess about the nation’s assets. Intelligence collection occurs in both domestic and foreign territories. Intelligence agencies collect information about foreign adversaries in order to exploit their weaknesses or vulnerabilities (Gentry, 2008). Furthermore, government agencies and political leaders want to discover which of the nation’s assets are seen as vulnerable to the enemy (Gentry, 2008).

Intelligence is one of the first lines of defense used by the United States to protect the Country against both foreign and domestic threats (Johnson, 2010). There are many ways and methods of intelligence collections employed by the intelligence community such as “spies, eavesdropping, technical sources, and openly available materials” etc (Clark, 2013). Method used also depends on many factors such as available resources, time, agency involved, and intelligence collection source. U.S Intelligence agencies use different collection and analytical method that suit their collection function, structure and pro¬cess. For example, DNI/OSC relies on open source (OSINT), CIA uses human intelligence (HUMINT) tactic, DIA uses measurements and signatures intelligence (MASINT), NSA employs signals intelligence (SIGINT), and NGA utilizes imagery intelligence (IMINT) techniques for their intelligence collections (Clark, 2013).

Counterintelligence (CI) involves actions aimed at protecting the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage from penetration and disruption by hostile nations or their intelligence services (Lowenthal, 2014). Three main components of Counterintelligence include collection, defensive and offensive. The collection is the ability to gather intelligence information about rivalry capabilities against own nation; defensive part of CI involves measures to prevent and thwart other nations ' attempts to penetrate into own nation 's intelligence system; while an offensive aspect deal with running double agents to penetrate, manipulate, exploit, and control targeted adversaries. CI is said to be the most essential aspect of the intelligence disciplines, in the sense that it helps in collecting vast quantities of secret information and produce an excellent analysis of intelligence, although, ineffective counterintelligence measures may diminish confidence in the final results (Van Cleave, 2013).