Analyzing A Blood Sample Containing Drugs

There are various techniques to separate a mixture of compounds from each other. One of the commonly used way to isolate compounds from a mixture of two compounds is called extraction. This method of extracting two compounds from each other relies on the different solubility of the compounds in two different solvents.

Instrumentation: The only device that I have used during my study is the internet. However, Law enforcement would use a breath analysis to determine the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood.

Both Aspirin and the Unknown are soluble in dichloromethane, due to their non-polar characteristics. To separate the two components, sodium bicarbonate was added (see figure 3). Sodium bicarbonate reacted with aspirin and converted it to a salt, also forming water and carbon dioxide. It was observed that the solution "fizzed" when this reaction took place, showing the release of carbon dioxide. The newly formed salt then traveled to an aqueous layer where it was soluble, while the unknown remained in the dichloromethane layer. The two layers were then separated. To collect an aspirin solid, the combination of the addition of HCl and the process of vacuum filtration helped to break down the salt and form a solid. Then the solid was placed in the Fisher Scientific Biotemp Oven to dry it to a constant mass of 0.091 g, 32.97% of the total composition. The

Toxicology test will measure the amount of psychotropic medication drugs in the patient’s blood stream. The tests will the ability to measure for one or up to thirty different drugs. A toxicology test is normally used once a patient enters the inpatient unit. The detection periods for medications depend on the half-life of the medications (cite). The average length of time medications will last in a patient’s blood streams ranges from two to four days. If a patient is adherent to her/his medication the primal level within the blood stream should be highly detectable (cite).

New Jersey statute N.J.A.C. 6A:16-4.4 raises a host of legal and financial issues for school district administrators. According to the law, when it comes to random testing of student alcohol and other drug use, districts that decide to do random drug tests must follow certain protocols to ensure students’ 4th Amendment rights are not violated.

Many different drugs such as street drugs are mixed with a lot of simple household items, such as sugar, starch or quinine. The forensic scientist must be able to tell the difference between the substances. Many court cases that involve drugs rely exclusively on the forensic scientists findings. They must be able to prove that the substance found was actually a drug and not say a package of sugar or another legal

Third, we did a hair examination and compared strands of hair. Fourth, we also tested the pills which we found by seeing if the pill sample would react to a substance. Fifth, we also tested vomit macromolecules with iodine, solution and hot water to see if it would react to a specific substance. Lastly, we also performed a test to determine Anna’s body temperature at the time of the scene as well as a blood splatter test to determine if she fell or not.

| Analysis of urine by physical, chemical, microscopical means to test for the presence of disease drug.

Prevalent to current day most employers require pre drug screening requirement so it wouldn’t make an exception on a government employee. It is however important to note that a police officer is held to a higher standard than civilian population because they of their positions to protect and serve. This helps create a basis of understanding of potentials for random drug screenings unless certain conditions are applied on and off duty.

Howlett, S. E. and Steiner, R. R. 2011. Validation of Thin Layer Chromatography with AccuTOF-DART™ Detection for Forensic Drug Analysis*. Forensic Sciences [e-journal] 56 (5), pp. 1261--1267. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library website http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk [Accessed on 11 March 2014].

“Polypharmacy is a term that refers to a high number of prescribed medications; usually five and above, or the use of more medications than clinically justified” (Chiang-Hanisko, 2014). According to The Center for Disease Control and Prevention between 2007 and 2010 nearly 25% of the elderly population were prescribed 5 or more medications. Due to the longer life expectancy, the aging population is more vulnerable to polypharmacy because they often have several comorbidities. The issue lies when several providers prescribe multiple medications and are not knowledgeable about the patient’s drug history. Polypharmacy is dangerous and usually results in numerous adverse drug reactions, noncompliance, and an increase in injuries resulting in hospitalization or mortality. Health providers need to become aware of the multiple medications that their client are receiving in order to reduce the use of unnecessary medications, and provide quality care.

I do believe taking over the counter medication can help with pain. However, I also feel that with out plenty of fluid intake the medication is just acting as a bandage. I have been told by a doctor one of the best things to do is drink beer, which promotes urination and helps numb the pain just a bit.

While doing this project I have learned even more about drugs and their effects than I already knew. I learned a lot and it has better made me understand the problems that come with doing drugs. This way I know even more not to do drugs. I think this project was interesting because I had the choice of what I wanted to do and what drug(s) to do it on.

     Conventional Liquid Chromatography is most commonly used in preparative scale work to purify and isolate some components of a mixture. It’s also used in ultra trace separations where small disposable columns are used once and then discarded. Analytical separations of solutions for detection or quantification typically use more sophisticated high-pressure liquid chromatography instruments.

Given that blood spatter analysis is an emergent field, with rapidly occurring developments have significant probative implications for the court system, this project will seek to examine the multi-faceted elements of blood spatter analysis to provide an overview of the field’s different dimensions. Focusing on technical developments, analytical interpretation and court relevance, the project will propose that blood spatter’s analysis as a mainstream element of the CSI toolkit results from the combination of physical sciences and analytical rigor which lies at its core. Beginning with questions of technical and physical science, the project will