Analyzing And Teaching Reading : Fluency And Comprehension

Shared book reading focuses on developing comprehension, alphabetics, and general reading achievement to enhance student literacy achievement. The teacher selects a text and reads it aloud to a student and/or group of students. The shared book reading program allows the teacher to model reading strategies, increase alphabetic skills, and activate and increase comprehension skills through targeted questions, prompts, and strategies. During the reading the teacher prompts students with strategic prompts and/or questions to engage the students in the text. Moreover, the teacher directs the students to key elements within the pictures, words, and/or text features. The teacher tailors the shared reading experience to meet the needs of the participants (International Reading Association Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Committee, 2012). Hence, educators are able to alter prompts, questions, and strategies to enhance the learning needs of

In evaluating the different types of reading interventions, I found that paired reading is the most commonly used to increase fluency. According to the report of The National Reading Panel (2000), guided repeated oral reading is the most effective procedure for developing reading fluency (Kuhn & Stahl, 2000; Rasinski & Hoffman, 2003). Paired reading was originally developed

Teachers should use leveled readers and different kinds of texts with students. The teachers should make sure to give background information about the books the students will read. This will help students to understand what they read. In groups, teachers should listen to the students and write down observations about what the students do as they read. There are eight points to the Fountas and Pinnell guided reading program. The first point is for teachers to use high, quality text for reading comprehension. Teachers need to use quality texts that are able to spiral in understanding for students. Teachers should model and give explicit teaching when doing guided reading groups. Teachers can help teach vocabulary through guided reading, which extends to other parts of the academic curriculum. Guided reading should include phonics instruction, concepts of print, and fluency guidance. This program should also include writing and helping students’ development proper writing habits. The lessons should be engaging to students and encourage good reading habits. Guided reading is a program that allows teachers to work one-on-one with students while in a small group. Teachers are able to help students with what they need in order to understand

The intervention used first was the Peer-Mediated instruction with repeated reading (PRR). During this phase, the students were seated across from each other. The students were then given a copy of the passage, one in which to read, and the other in which to mark the time and note any errors observed, along with a stopwatch. Both students began reading from the selected text for the pair for a duration of twenty minutes at the beginning of the class. Next, the “paired reading” time consisted of each student taking turns reading using only a whisper. To ensure the fidelity of the intervention, measures were taken to ensure that one student didn’t have to be the first reader every time. During the read aloud, the student who wasn’t reading would follow protocol and read the following sentence “Stop. That word is _______. What word? Yes, ________. Please read that sentence again.” After the paired reading time, the reader would then be asked to read

According to Sheakoski (2012), a strategy that can be used to improve fluency in reading is repeat reading. Students can increase fluency skills using the repeated reading strategy during which they read a short passage repeatedly. It should be noted that fluency is more than just pronouncing words correctly, it also encompasses the process of fully and smoothly conveying what the text is about. The ability to read fluently is a predictor of comprehension. This is mainly because the more fluently one reads the easier it is for him or her

Designing an individual intervention to increase reading fluency requires completion of assessments that will determine the child’s reading strengths and weaknesses. An inaccurate reader needs direct instruction on improving word recognition, which may include sight words and decodable words (which rules is the student not applying) at their instructional level. Once the goals have been established, in this case fluency, the intervention will begin with an introduction on fluency and word recognition.

Within their table groups which had been set up deliberately by the teacher to get children with similar reading levels together, the children had to explore different features of the book. One group would work on questions they wanted to ask the characters, another would take in turns to read the book and highlight words they did not understand or had trouble reading. Tennant (2014: 165) tells us that the text used during guided reading should be challenging but the children should still be capable of decoding it. I observed this to be true during my school placement because the children were able to show a wide understanding of what was happening within the book however when they were asked questions about how the character was feeling or what they think would happen next, they took a bit more time to try and get an understanding of this. Tennant (2016) states that “the teacher’s task is to deepen the reader’s understanding of the text by initially ascertaining what sense the reader has made of the text just after having read it”. Tennant’s statement can be evaluated as useful for teaching a good level of guided reading because teachers have to broaden the children’s knowledge of the text. My own observations seemed to be a success because each group was paired with an adult and each adult was drawing out information from pupils by asking questions that got them thinking. Not only were they getting an idea of what children already knew about the text but they

Reading comprehension: students will complete various comprehension questions in class and will bring individual questions to class.

Her classroom is rich print and she has various reading leveled books in many genres from different publishing companies; especially Pearson. The students that she servers are recommendation from the General Education English teacher(s). When a teacher deemed a student to be struggling through formal or informal reading assessment, Ms. N is asked to work with that individual students. She does her own assessment (usually informally) to have a starting point. She usually pulls them out during their English class and work either in groups of 5-7, independent or sometimes one-on-one if the need arises. She said that there are no set reading programs for our school so she uses a wide variety of programs or materials to enhance the students reading. She said that if a student’s reading is severe, she uses basic phonic skills. She sometimes uses the Wilson Reading Program (phonics components). Journeys was another reading program she mentioned as a basis for phonemic awareness. Guided reading is a strategy she often uses with her students. According to scholastic website, “guided reading is an instructional approach that involves a teacher working with a small group of students who demonstrate similar reading behaviors and can all read similar levels of texts. The text is easy enough for students to read with your skillful support. The text offers

In the first approach is called “repeated and monitored oral reading”, the students are reading the text a few times aloud, and the teacher gives feedback. Another approach is called “independent silent reading”, students are reading on their own. Findings from the scientific research on fluency instruction lead to conclusions that both approaches are very valuable to use in teaching children to read. One of most powerful strategy to help students to develop fluency is reading aloud to them, with great expression, when students can hear and understand what fluent reading sounds like. Repeated readings is an another strategy helping students recognize high-frequency words more easily and promotes fluency. Using the reader's theater is probably one of the best ways to promote fluency when students are focused on interpreting the script more than memorizing

Our group chose to research reading comprehension development and how to teach our young readers how to gain knowledge from text. We have observed our students relying on their background knowledge rather than acquiring meaning from the text. We would like to learn more about the resources that are available to help our students develop comprehension strategies.

Located at the Dallas Museum of Art are the two paintings, The Reading Lesson and Christ and His Mother Studying the Scriptures. The Reading Lesson by Mary Cassatt showcases a mother and her daughter attentively studying a book. Christ and His Mother Studying the Scriptures by Henry Ossawa Tanner presents Christ and his Mother reading the scripture scrolls. There are several similarities between the two painting, such as the subjects, the focal point, and the style of the artists. They are quite different in the feelings they evoked and the message they are conveying to the viewers.

Students having hard times in comprehending the thought of the text and what the author implies. It seems to be reading by words but not reading between the lines. It is important to know how comprehension plays an integral part in a manner of thinking and conceptualizing facts and ideas from the

The failure of students being able to read and comprehend what they are reading is a great concern for most schools. When students enter the fifth grade and are not on grade level, they are already behind their classmates. Teachers are then responsible for remediating the students to get them on grade level. Unfortunately, these same students are unable to keep up with on grade level standards teachers are required to teach, because they lack the skills needed. These students will continue to struggle throughout their education because they will not be able to catch up to their grade level. Many educators have realized there is a gap between fluency and comprehension. Because of this realization, special instruction such as guided reading and remedial teaching has been implemented.

Reading comprehension at a knowledge level is a complex task. Reading comprehension instruction that attempts to move students beyond the knowledge level to a place of true understanding is daunting at best and not something that can be left to guess work. A review of current literature in