Analyzing Piaget's Cognitive Development Of The Toy

According to Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development, it should be in sensorimotor and preoperational stages. At sensorimotor stage, infants will from reflexive to goal directed behavior. The limitation of this stage is object permanence. At preoperational stage, children begin to think or imagine something in their mind, they will gain two cognitive accomplishments, mental representations and intuitive thought. Mental representations mean children can mentally represent something in the past or future but not now. Intuitive thought means children are self-centered, and they trust others have the same idea as their own. There are three limitations at this stage, first is egocentrism. It means children cannot think something from other’s perspective. Second is lack of conservation, it means if you change the its shape or appearance of something, its weight still the same, but children cannot understand that. Last one is lack of hierarchical classification, it is very hard for children to distinguish similar objects. Little People Musical Preschool has more than 35 sounds of music and phrases to motivate children. It is helpful because they will have a higher interest in language, it is good for mental representations during age 2 to 7 years old. Also, children can gain knowledge through this virtual toy world, in this little world, children may think toys have the same ideas with him, it can exercise their imagination. Also, caregiver can give children some situation to let children use these toys to make up a

Pre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood) is demonstrated through the use of symbols, language, matures, memory and imagination are developed but thinking is non-logical.

Cognitively, the way infants process information undergoes rapid changes during the infant’s first year. For instance, the Piagetian theory of cognitive development includes (1) the sensorimotor stage in which infants, through trial an error, build their understanding of things around the world (e.g. imitation of familiar behaviour); (p. 203, Chapter 6); (2) building schemas (e.g. a 5 month old child can move or drop an object fairly rigidly, whereas an older child can do the same action but with more intentional and creative movement);(p. 202, Chapter 6) and (3) the concept of object permanence (e.g. an infant knows that an object exists even though it is hidden encourages the child’s perceptual skills and awareness of the objects ‘realness’ in the world (p.

Children develop cognition through two main stages that Jean Piaget theorized. The stages run from birth and infancy to school age children. Sensorimotor is the first stage and goes from birth to about the age of two. This stage implies that the children learn about the environment they live in and they learn this through the reflexes and movements they produce. They also learn that they are separate people from their parents and they can say goodbye to them and know they will come back. The second stage is called the preoperational stage. During this stage of development, children will learn how to incorporate symbols to represent objects. This is also the beginning of learning the alphabet and speech. The child is still very much egocentric at this point in time, but with the help of understanding educators, the child will grow appropriately onto the next stages of development. Finally, the children need to develop emotionally/socially.

And by three years of age, the toddler is expected to gain anywhere from three to five pounds, grow about three inches in height, and also have all twenty of his/her primary teeth grown in (2016). According to Jean Piaget, there are four stages of cognitive development that a child will go through. The first stage is known as the sensorimotor stage; it is from birth to about two years of age. The sensorimotor stage is a period that the cognitive development rapidly grows and during this time frame the infant develops “an understanding of the world through trial and error using their senses and actions (McLeod, 2015).” An example of an experience that Bilal went through during the sensorimotor stage would be when Bilal was eight months old, I tried the object permanence test I did this by hiding an object from Bilal and have him look for it, when the location of the object changed Bilal would look for it where he previously saw it (My Virtual Child, 2014). The social and

The types of toys children play with can affect how they develop. Toys can help or hinder a child’s development in intelligence, social skills and personality. Certain characteristics may be genetically entwined in a human being, but some characteristics and behaviors can be learned, from parents, surroundings, and the toys with which a youngster plays. Elise Moore, author of “How Do Toys Aid Development”, stated “if play is the work of the child, toys are the child’s tools” (Moore, 2).

THE PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: GROWTH OF SYMBOLIC ACTIVITY Some time between the ages of 18 and 24 months, According to Piaget, children develop the ability to form mental representations of objects and events. At the same time, language develops, as well as the beginning of thinking in words. These developments mark the transition into the preoperational stage. During this stage, which lasts up until about age seven, children are capable of doing many task they could not perform earlier. For example, they begin make-believe play which includes enacting familiar routines.

In the nursery, I examined toys aimed at the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. This stage includes actions based on reflexes and the transition to actions based on intentions. Actions that are satisfying are repeated by the child through a process called primary circular reactions. Soon after this first stage, the child moves on to the secondary circular reactions or actions that have an effect on the environment. After experiencing both of these kind of reactions, the child then advances into more intentional actions. The child begins to have goal-directed behavior and curiosity which leads to experimenting. Lastly, the child will begin to understand symbolic problem solving and object permanence.

Effectively, the stages of infant cognitive development can be viewed and explained simply. According to Piaget there are four stages of cognitive development that range from the ages of birth through adulthood. Today we will only focus on two of these stages as they pertain to the ages of birth through the ages of 24 months or two years old. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage which includes and defines the ages from birth to about 18 months of age. This stage is quickly described and defined by the infant only being aware of what’s immediately in front of them, and only interacting with those people, objects or sounds (http://www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development Piaget Stages of Development. ©2005-2015 WebMD, LLC). Looking at Piaget’s studies even at the earliest moments of life an infant utilizes the power of their brains in the forms of basic awareness’s and communication attempts. The second

At eight to twelve months, infants can now focus on a goal-oriented task; such as, locating a hidden object after watching someone place it under a blanket. During this stage, infants are using things they have witnessed and past experiences to complete a task. Using goal-centered techniques at this age ensures the development of processing information throughout the stages to come. Tertiary circular reactions stage is number four in Piaget’s sensorimotor stages and includes infants from twelve to eighteen months. On the verge of walking, infants move around and explore how objects work in their environment. Also, they are beginning to develop independence and individual characteristics. Just like in the previous stage, babies enjoy taking objects apart. However, in the tertiary circular reactions stage infants now enjoy using trial-and-error to piece them back together. Trial-and-error techniques and other processes help infants transition into their final stage, mental representation. Eighteen months to two years make up mental representation. For the duration of this stage infants are able to provide immediate answers to problems, participate in make-believe play, and find hidden objects out of their sight. Having a larger grasp on the world, infants are now able to view items that are not there. For example, a mother asks her child would they like ice

The second sub-stage is primary circular reactions that occur around one to four months of age. In this stage infants start to organize schemes for sensory and motor activities, actions are voluntarily repeated, but the infant actions are still centered on bodily experiences and instinct satisfaction. The third sub-stage is when the baby starts to focus on the external world and secondary circular reactions; this happens around four to eight months. Babies also develop schemes for repeating actions with interesting effects on things and people in the world during this sub-stage. The fourth sub-stage is coordinating the secondary circular reactions around eight to twelve months. In this stage infants can organize a series of mental structures for various actions and develop intentionality of behavior, they can separate schemes for means and ends, and facilitate the accomplishment of simple goals. The fifth sub-stage is when the external-oriented attention generates and tertiary circular reactions, this is from twelve to eighteen months. Around this time infants grow into toddlers and they seek discovery of new information about how things and people work. The final/sixth sub-stage is pretty important and several development milestones occur, this is eighteen to twenty four months. In this sub-stage object permanence is acquired and toddlers understand objects continue to exist independent from self-generated actions and sensory experiences. (Petrill,

What are the major challenges to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and what aspects still have value?

The theorist, Jean Piaget, was most interested in the development of children’s intellectual organization. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development begins with the sensorimotor stage. Sensorimotor intelligence is thinking by observing objects and acting in response to them. Throughout the stages the child understands that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen which is referred to as object permanence. When a child exhibits a behavior that creates an experience that leads to repetition of the behavior this is known as a circular reaction. (Berk, 2010)

In the sensorimotor stage the child discovers the environment through physical actions such as sucking, grabbing, shaking and pushing. During these first two years of life children realize objects still exist, even if it is out of view. This concept is known as object permanence. Children in the preoperational stage develop language skills, but may only grasp an idea with repeated exposure. As Piaget describes in the next stage, children draw on knowledge that is based on real life situations to provide more logical explanations and predictions. Lastly, in the formal operational stage children use higher levels of thinking and present abstract ideas.

The first stage of Piaget’s development theory is the sensorimotor stage which takes place in children most commonly 0 to 2 years old. In this stage, thought is developed through direct physical interactions with the environment. Three major cognitive leaps in this stage are the development of early schemes, the development of goal-oriented behavior, and the development of object permanence. During the early stages, infants are only aware of what is immediately in front of them. They focus on what they