Analyzing The Basic Functioning Of A Neuron Beginning With Receiving Signals From Other Neurons Or Sense Organs

2.The basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system is called a neuron.

The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.

Describe the anatomy of the neuron and the ways that neurons communicate with each other.

Midterm Essay ExaminationMidterm Essay Examination1.Describe the basic functioning of a neuron beginning with receiving signals from other neurons or sense organs and ending with the transmission of a signal to another neuron. Explain how a pattern of neuron firing is related to behavior.

Discuss the mechanisms of neural communication and explain the impact that different drugs can have on this communication.

To send a message, a neuron will send a ripple of electrical energy down its axon. This ripple is called "action potential." The way it works is by changing the chemical makeup of the axon's negatively charged interior. Positively charged sodium ions move into the cell and negatively charged potassium ions move out, then the ions move to their original positions. This produces a wave of positively charged

1. Neurons is a basic building block of the nervous system. The sensory nerves carry the message from body tissues to the brain and spinal chord to be processed. The motor neurons are then used to send instructions to the body tissue from the brain and spinal cord. Dendrites, which are connected to the body cell (soma) receive information and pass it through the axon. Myelin sheath covers the axon and helps speed the process. When triggered by a signals from our senses or other neurons, the neuron fires an impulse called the action potential. The resting potential is the neuron’s visual charge of positive

|  A neuron is known as an excitable cell that can process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are the core components of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord and nervous system.

Neurons (also known as neurons, nerve cells and nerve fibers) are electrically excitable and the most important cells in the nervous system that functions to process and transmit information. Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes extending out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages from other neurons.

The brain is a unique organ, it allows us as humans, for example to imagine, speak and perform a lot more complex functions. To function well as a complex organ, the brain has a lot of cells. The brain consists of neurones and glia cells. Neurones observe changes from the environment, communicate these changes to other neurones and issue commands to the body to react on these changes. Glia cells give the neurones among other things protection and support. Neurones are really small cells composed of two parts: the soma, which contain the cell nucleus and neurites, which are projections from the soma. There are two different types of neurites, the axon and the dendrite. Dendrites receive signals to transfer to the neurones and axons carry the output of the neurones. Figure 1 gives a schematic overview of a neuron and shows the dendrites, cell body and axon. This essay will discuss the structure of neurones and the different types of neurones further in detail. It will start with the structure of a typical structure of a neuron and then the different types of neurones, the sensory-, motor- and interneurones. (Bear, M.F. et al. (2007))

It plays a significant role in many neurological functions, including brain plasticity (4), learning and memory (5), and induction of pain (6). Poor or excess release of glutamate can cause serious neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as autism (7-9), epilepsy (7, 10-13), schizophrenia (14), Alzheimer’s disease (14-17) and Parkinson’s disease (18, 19). Physiologically, glutamate is released from pre-synaptic vesicles into neuronal synapses in response to action potential. The concentration of glutamate within the vesicles is reported to be ~100 mmol/L (20). The action potential firing mechanism primarily involves the movement of cations (Ca2+, Na+ and K+) across the neuronal membrane. Two voltage-gated ion-channels located in the axon permit active transport of K+ and Na+, into and out of the cells (20). This ion exchange creates a potential difference of -70 mV (resting potential) through the neuronal membrane. Sudden depolarisation or action potential occurs when potential drops, allowing Na+ to flood into the cells. Action potential is terminated to restore the resting potential of the membrane. Ca2+ channels open to allow the transport of Ca2+ (2). This ultimately causes glutamate to be released from its vesicle into the area between presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane of the subsequent neuron. Through this electrochemical signal

This can also be seen in detail in brain tissue. The white matter consists of axon and Oligodendrocytes. while the gray matter consists of neuron and unmylinated fibers .Both tissue have more white matter .This refer to us supporting cell of CNS. The brain is a major functional unit of the central nervous system. Function of CNS - Communicating line between the CNS and the rest of the body ,but functional of Peripheral nervous system is connect the CNS to the limbs and organs also serving a communicating going back and forth between the brain and spinal cord with the rest of the body .The brain is a part of CNS and located in the head and made up of many networks of communication neurons. Difference parts of the brain talk to each other as well as work together to send message to the rest of the body .The human brain contains more than 10 billion neurons. A neuron consists of a cell body contain the nucleus and special extension called axons and dendrites. Neurons communicating with each other using axon and dendrites when a neurons. It sends an electrical signals down the length of its

TTX blocks the voltage-gated Na+ channels between R1 and R2, which blocks the propagation of the action potential from R1 to R2.

The Nervous System is a complex system comprised of two parts: The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. Each system is then comprised of nerves and specialized cells, called neurons. The function of a neuron is to transmit messages throughout the body. The brain has approximately 100 billion neurons, ranging in many different sizes and shapes. Neurons are classified as cells because they have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, as well as carry out many of the same processes as a cell (i.e protein synthesis). But, a neuron is unlike a cell in that they have special structures such as dendrites and axons, communicate through electrochemical processes, and contain special chemicals called neurotransmitters (instead of hormones).

In order for nerve cells to work they have to be excited by stimuli. Examples of stimuli include light, sound, and pressure. When this occurs, nerve cells send electrical signals known as nerve impulses. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of one nerve cell, a neurotransmitter chemical is released, resulting in exciting the next neuron.