Analyzing The Brexit ( Uk Leaving The Eu ) Using An Ir Theory Of Your Choice Essay

The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 different countries. It consists of about half a billion citizens, and its combined economy represents about 20 percent of the world’s total economy (Briney, 2015). Today The European Union works as a single market, with free movement of people, goods and services from one country to another. There is a standard system of laws to be followed, and since 1999 many countries share a single currency called the Euro (Europa.eu, 2015). This essay will explore the background history of the European Union and the benefits and drawbacks of the European Union.

Integration and agreements made will reduce tariffs barriers that are associated with trades of goods, services and the factors of produced goods between countries (Hill, 2004). As this paper will demonstrate a proper analysis of how integration will promote global advantages in business, and will deliberate the disadvantages and advantages of integration. Therefore touching basis of contrast and comparing the development of economic stages within a region and the effect on the process of development of business globally.

Since 1950 European Union (EU) was created it has promoted peace, prosperity and values among the member nations and its neighbouring countries. EU’s influential tools, has helped transform many European states into functioning democracies and prosperous countries. EU’s membership has grown from 6 to 28 countries (Enlargement, 2014), satisfying a historic vow to integrate the continent bringing in most states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by peaceful ideals.EU has anticipated the enlargement as an extraordinary opportunity to endorse political strength and economic success in Europe. EU’s extension policy is open to any European state that fulfils the EU’s political and financial criteria for membership; still the political process of inclusion of new state requires a unanimous agreement from all the existing 28 member states. Europe is considered to be more flourishing and safer place due to the promotion of democracy, anti-corruption policy and the single market policy.

There is a tendency that these areas will lie at the geographical heart of the trading area and that economic integration will therefore benefit them most, at the expense of the peripheral nations. The European Commission has tried to counter this problem by introducing regional policies to support poorer, peripheral member states such as Ireland, Greece and Portugal.

The Internal Market of the European Union (EU) is one of Europe’s significant achievements and its greatest resource in times of modern globalisation. Since its creation in 1993, the Internal Market has opened itself more to competition, created jobs and reduced many trade barriers. It is the principal instrument for building a stronger and fairer economy in the EU. It assures the free movement of people, services, goods and capital, and by doing so, creates fresh opportunities for businesses and consumers. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union adopts measures with the aim of combining national markets in a single market with the characteristics of a domestic market. The vision is that it should be as easy to trade between London and Madrid as it is between London and Manchester.

 Economic interdependence means lesser escalation of political conflicts.     Impediments to Integration   Inefficient industries lose out (e..g US steels, and textiles) however, if a country  protects these inefficient industries, this in turn will make other industries become less  internationally competitive, due to the high cost of imports.    Governments are forced to compromise some degree of national sovereignty.    National interests may not equal regional instruments    Political/industrial interest groups (need to be overcome).    Third largest population of 500 million (after China and India), 340 million high income  consumers.    World largest economy in terms of GDP    Reasons for formation of this union:   o Avoid future political conflict   o Gain size, scope and efficiency advantages that allow European nation state to  compete with the US and Japan.

Firstly, it is going to look at how post-war integration started through the prevention of war and to create peace throughout the European States. Secondly this essay will discuss the economic changes and influence it had on creating a political union. Then it will discuss how this created political unity along with how it affected integration and finally created the European Union. While lastly coming to a final conclusion as to what motivated integration after the war.

Europe has been quite successful in integrating its economies because of the various geopolitical and economic activities. The first and foremost reason is that these countries are small and the economy of the one country can be integrated with the economy of the other country. Their integration has been made possible because the aspiration and believe of the different countries are very much similar. Moreover, their cultural and economic history is moreover same. European Union as it has been called now has been the most developed model of the regional integration though challenged by economic crisis now a days.

The European Union is one of the most famous Economic blocs in our recent times. It is the culmination of efforts after the devastating Second World War. It currently includes 28 states with varied cultural and historical backgrounds and even different languages. It now has more than 30 separate international trade agreements with many countries such as Colombia and South Korea (Encyclopedia of Management).

Literature review: In September 2017 Thomas Sampson from The London School of Economics and Political Science wrote a Literature on Brexit. The title of the literature was Brexit: The Economics of International Disintegration. In this literature review I will briefly summarise the literature wrote by Thomas Sampson.

It is precise that we begin by explaining the meaning of the term “Brexit”; it is a portmanteau of the words “Britain” and “Exit”, which was just one of the terms for the results of the 2016 referendum, the other one was “Bremain” (Britain and remain) which was a lot less promoted and controversial. For the 2016 referendum, 52% of the votes went for Britain leaving the European Union, in a poll with 72% of participation, a total of 33.577.342 votes, 17.410.742 for Brexit and 16.577.342 for Britain staying in the European Union (BBC World, 2016). England voted for Brexit, by 53.4% to 46.6%, as did Wales, with Leave getting 52.5% of the vote and Remain 47.5%. Scotland and Northern Ireland both backed staying in the EU. Scotland backed Remain by 62% to 38%, while 55.8% in Northern Ireland voted Remain and 44.2% Leave (Hunt and Wheeler, 2016).

One of the main objectives of the European Union (EU) is the establishment of the internal market, which shall consist of “area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured. The internal market is based upon a customs union achieved through the abolition of the imposition of customs duties and charges having an equivalent effect and the prohibition of discriminatory taxes on intra-EU imports. The internal market is enhanced by the provisions on free movement of workers, freedom of establishment, free movement of services, and free movement of capital. Whereas Articles 28 to 30 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide for the establishment of an EU common external tariff and the elimination of customs duties, Articles 34 and 35 of the TFEU (with exceptions under Article 36) go further, and prohibit quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent effect. Taken together, Articles 28 to 32 and 34 to 36 serve to ensure the free movement of goods within the EU and to facilitate the operation of the internal market.

People have created unions many times but not all of them were successful, specifically when we consider alliances among number of countries with different economics, political systems and culture. For instance, last century brought both the biggest collapse and the most promising union in the modern history. Although U.S.S.R has disappeared from geographical maps, some of its members joined another alliance. The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership that united 28 countries on the European part of Eurasia and represents a unique form of cooperation among members today.

The world is becoming a smaller community through technological advances and international travel opportunities that make communication and interaction with others around the world a common occurrence. Some world leaders envision a global community that would lead to a one-world-order to include government and commerce. Globalization has been on the rise but is not shared and accepted by all. Nationalism continues to play a significant part in international interactions. With its goal of European unification for economic and political voice, the European Union (EU) can be used as a model for globalization. This paper will consider if using the EU as a model is a valid argument.

The European Union (EU) was established in order to prevent the horrors of modern warfare, experienced by most of Europe during the World Wars of the 20th century, from ever ensuing again, by aiming to create an environment of trust with the countries of Europe cooperating in areas such as commerce, research and trade (Adams, 2001). The EU has evolved into an economic, trade, political and monetary alliance between twenty-eight European Member States. While not all Member States are in monetary union (i.e. share the currency of the euro), those that are form the ‘Euro-zone’ (Dinan, 2006). The EU can pass a number of types of legislation, with a regulation, act, or law, being the most powerful. Its ‘tricameral’ (European Union, 2007)