Anaphylaxi Vaccination

• Replace your epinephrine immediately after you use your auto-injector pen, in case you have another reaction.

Vaccine controversies have been ongoing for the past eight decades. Some parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children because they question the effectiveness, necessity, and safety of vaccines. The hesitancy or refusal to vaccinate is called vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy has been increasing over the past few decades due in part to the impact of social media, specifically the Internet. Vaccine hesitancy can cause refusal of parents to vaccinate their child. The more children that are unvaccinated, the less herd immunity that is generated in the community. By increasing the number of children vaccinated, despite the vaccine hesitancy enhancing effects of the Internet, herd immunity can be generated, and this can be cost-effective.

In "Public Fear of Vaccination: Separating Fact From Fiction" by Amanna, I., and M.K. Slifka, the authors argue that the real reason for people opting for vaccines is due to the spread of misleading information portrayed by the media. The rise of people refusing to get vaccinated is the issue addressed in "Public Fear of Vaccination: Separating Fact From Fiction" by Amanna, I. and M.K. Slifka. The thesis of this article is “Here, we will discuss some of the elements associated with public perceptions and fear of vaccination and place these into the context of how deadly several vaccine-preventable childhood diseases can be if vaccination coverage is insufficient.” The authors’ main claim is that people are more concerned about the possible

Vaccines can cause serious and sometimes fatal side effects. The most common side effect of vaccines is anaphylaxis, which is a severe allergic reaction. According to Sanjay Gupta you are 100 times more likely to be struck by lightning than have a serious allergic reaction. (Gupta, 2015) Every day you put yourself at more risk of having anaphylactic shock by what you eat and ingest and not knowing if you are allergic to it than a single dose of a vaccination. The fact that needs to be remembered is that vaccines are drugs and no drug is ever 100% safe whether that be cold medicine or even birth

Anxiety related to allergic response as evidenced by patient stating that “it is getting hard to breathe” and exhibiting anxious behaviors (Pillitteri, 2014, p. 1224).

There are absolutely know differences between adrenaline and epinephrine. Epinephrine is basically a synthetic type of adrenaline. Moreover, the description of how epinephrine works is explained by the EpiPen website as, “It constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure, relaxes smooth muscles in the lungs to reduce wheezing and improve breathing, stimulates the heart (increases heart rate) and works to reduce hives and swelling that may occur around the face and lips.” Because of this injection of adrenaline a person’s heart beats faster and their breath intake increases. As a result, an extreme energy boost occurs and therefore stopping the anaphylaxis attack, saving a

When most people are asked who is more reliable about vaccinations a doctor or a former Playboy bunny there answer usually should be a doctor. However, in 2007 that was not the case when Playboy bunny, Jenny Mccarthy, a woman with a self-called “mommy instinct” told the media her son’s Autism was caused by the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella or MMR vaccine. This resulted in the anti-vaccination movement that is still present today. The movement caused parents to begin to question vaccines and soon some began to refuse to get their children vaccinated. The result of this refusal is a deadly one, as more illness is spread even to children who are vaccinated and the only way to prevent this is for required vaccinations. The media’s promotion of the

Epinephrine is one of the most common medications administered in the field by EMS professionals of all levels. This naturally occurring catecholamine is one of the most potent tools that EMS professionals have at their immediate disposal for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The instructions depicted below outline the proper procedure for the administration of epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis in adult patients. This procedure should take approximately 3-5 minutes to perform and can be carried out by any EMS professional above the first responder level. The successful administration of epinephrine results in the temporary alleviation of the symptoms of anaphylaxis through the stimulation of both alpha and beta adrenergic

With just a very quick exposure to an allergen, anaphylaxis can occur immediately. Allergens can be anything from dust, food products such as peanuts, shellfish, nuts, and even insects and sting like bees and wasp stings. Life threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis include dizziness, unconsciousness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and fast heart beat. The most serious threat to the human life during anaphylaxis is the lack of oxygen, O2. With lack of O2 the brain begins to lose brain cells. The brain is in control of all the systems in the body as more time passes without O2 organs begin to fail and the heart also stops beating.4 Other symptoms of swelling of the mouth, coughing, hives on the body, vomiting, and

The release of chemicals that cause vasodilatation together the veins and arteries vasodilate, causing a

​Clopidogrel hypersensitivity is an intricate phenomenon. The reaction is complex and has varied pathophysiology resulting in distinct onset and presentation. Hypersensitivity may manifest as generalized, localized, or systemic reactions. Evidence suggests that the majority of patients with hypersensitivity reactions will present with generalized, cutaneous symptoms (6, 7). These generalized reactions may be an erythematous, maculopapular rash that is pruritic or urticaria without mucosal involvement (6). Rashes are typically distributed throughout the trunk and may involve upper and/or lower extremities (7, 8). Although less frequent than generalized reactions, localized skin hypersensitivity has also been reported. (7). These reactions are described as symmetrically appearing rashes localized to the face, palms, neck, axilla, soles of feet, or back. (7). Finally, systemic hypersensitivity has been described. This may manifest as generalized urticaria, fever, arthralgia, or angioedema (7-9). An evaluation of 24 patients with suspected clopidogrel hypersensitivity described a median onset of hypersensitivity of 6 days (10). However, the onset of these reactions varies and likely depends on type of hypersensitivity observed. A review of 62 patients with clopidogrel hypersensitivity revealed a median onset of approximately 5 days for both generalized and localized reactions compared to a median time to onset of 1 day for systemic reactions (7).

Immunizations have saved millions of lives over the last hundred years. Currently vaccination rates are at their highest in the United States. Most vaccinations are given during infancy through adolescents. Infants especially are more susceptible to infectious diseases; this being the reason it is so important to guard via immunization. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention immunizations help prevent disease from spreading and protect infants and toddlers against threatening difficulties of diseases such as polio and measles.(2004) Data compiled by the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) states that children today now receive as many as 49 doses of 14 vaccines before they reach age six, this is about 12

Anaphylactic shock is also a form of distributive shock. Anaphylactic shock occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which the patient has been exposed too. This means that the person becomes sensitive to the substance that did not initially cause a reaction. Each succeeding exposure tends to produce more severe reactions. Common cases of Anaphylactic shock are injections, insect stings, ingestion and inhalation. Being an elementary school teacher, I see a number of children that come in with a bee and or peanut allergy all of which have EPI Pens in the event of anaphylactic shock. Common signs of anaphylactic shock include flushing, itching or burning of the skin, edema, cyanosis, dizziness, fainting and coma, drop in blood pressure, weak pulse, sneezing, tightness in chest, wheezing, and cessation of breathing just to list a few. (Pollak, 2010 slide

The most common cause of reaction occurs when a specific food is mixed with exercise. This condition is known as food dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Immediate hypersensitivities became apparent immediately, meaning that symptoms almost as soon as the individuals ate food that contained peanuts (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 834). Immediate hypersensitivity can cause symptoms such as swelling of the tongue or hives and can be life-threatening. In the case study, Alexander Kolineski died shortly after being admitted to the hospital. He showed signs of anaphylactic shock, high histamine levels, and other immediate immune complexes and complements. This is how the doctors were able to determine that he had an immediate hypersensitivity.