Anaphylaxis Research Papers

Anaphylaxis is an extreme and sever allergic reaction that can be caused by insects bites, foods, latex and medication. This allergic reaction fiffers from one person tp the other. In some people, it can only affect one part of the body whereas in others, it affect more than one part of the body. The effects are usually within a few minutes of exposure to the substance that causes the allergic reaction. In other instances it can take hours before the effects are seen. This allergic reaction calls for immediate medical treatment because it can be fatal id it is not treated properly.

An anaphylactic reaction (anaphylaxis) is a sudden, severe allergic reaction that affects multiple areas of the body. Affected areas of the body may include the skin, mouth, lungs, heart, or gut (digestive system). Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening. This condition requires immediate medical attention, and sometimes hospitalization.

Dugdale, D. (2012, May 30). Anaphylactic Shock. U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved November 21, 2013, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/

B.J.was exposed to cats, thus causing an acute asthma attack. Patient being exposed to cat fur is what caused his allergic reaction. IgE antibodies cause allergic reactions, these cells are mainly attached to mast cells that lie in the lung interstitium in close association with the bronchioles and small bronchi. Once BJ breathes in the fur, to which he is sensitive to, the pollen reacts with these mast cells and thus causing these cells to release histamine. Which causes localized edema in the bronchioles as well as thick mucus. This causes the spams in the bronchilar smooth muscle which cause airway resistance. In return causing an acute asthma attack.

There are many allergic reactions that can occur from a single allergen. One reaction that stands above the rest is called anaphylaxis. Like any other reactions, anaphylaxis can occur from food, drugs, bites, or stings. If symptoms persist, death is possible from lack of air or cardiac arrest. Victims with high chances of having anaphylaxis carry a device that injects adrenaline, also medically known as epinephrine, which is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis. Epinephrine, or the Epipen is going to be the main topic of discussion for today. I am going to cover three parts: the history of the Epipen, the function of the device, and the impact that it has on society.

The ironic thing about allergens is that most aren’t harmful to the body, but this doesn’t stop the immune system for mistaking them for foreign bodies, which is why it decides to fight back. Our immune systems are amazing things. They create proteins to fight disease, which are known as antibodies. These antibodies try to battle it out against the antigens. Once our immune system creates certain antibodies, they’ll recognize the same intruders again and protect our bodies automatically year in year

Anaphylactic Shock is the most severe allergic reaction that may be life threatening for a person but it is rare to occur. If anaphylactic shock was to not be treated correctly it will be deadly. If you were to ever have a anaphylactic shock you'll need a epinephrine shot as fast as you can or call 911 for medical help.

Food allergies have various symptoms like skin, rash, itching, and hives . It can also feel

It was four years ago on the 17th of December, everything seemed like a normal day. I was prepping for finals and eating snacks in the study room with friends when my neck and face turned bright pink and blotchy, and breathing became difficult for me. I remember I had a history final later that day, but was rushed down to the nurse’s office and ultimately had to reschedule that test. Since I had eaten a few different items, we were unable to determine what the real problem was. Two weeks later at volleyball practice, I sat on the side, pink, pale and unable to catch my breathe. My mom had decided that this was enough of not knowing, so she took me to get allergy tested. I sat there at Trinity waiting for a family friend to take vials of blood for the samples. They ultimately gave me a long list of things I was allergic to, and we compared that to what I had to eat the day I was at school studying for finals; and what I had eaten before practice, this was the day I found out I could no longer have any Reese’s trees, or any Reese’s eggs anymore, I am allergic to peanuts.

Anaphylactic shock is also a form of distributive shock. Anaphylactic shock occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which the patient has been exposed too. This means that the person becomes sensitive to the substance that did not initially cause a reaction. Each succeeding exposure tends to produce more severe reactions. Common cases of Anaphylactic shock are injections, insect stings, ingestion and inhalation. Being an elementary school teacher, I see a number of children that come in with a bee and or peanut allergy all of which have EPI Pens in the event of anaphylactic shock. Common signs of anaphylactic shock include flushing, itching or burning of the skin, edema, cyanosis, dizziness, fainting and coma, drop in blood pressure, weak pulse, sneezing, tightness in chest, wheezing, and cessation of breathing just to list a few. (Pollak, 2010 slide

If there are any features of anaphylaxis such as hypotension, stridor, respiratory distress, GIT distress, problems in swallowing, swelling of joints and joints pain, etc are present, A medical intervention should immediately occur.

An allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction by the immune system that occurs to certain antigens for which the body perceives as a threat and has an overreaction to. Patients generally experience inflammation of the airways, among other symptoms caused by the

Anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis, is a severe acute multisystem reaction resulting in insufficient flow of blood and oxygen to the body’s tissues. Anaphylactic shock is usually triggered by a release of immunoglobin E (IgE) antibodies as a result of exposure to an allergen to the person was previously sensitized (Huether & McCance, 2012). A rapid release of inflammatory mediators from basophils and mast cells result in vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and an increased capillary permeability. Furthermore the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, skin, and gastrointestinal systems can all be effected by an anaphylactic reaction. Additionally, signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock are hypotension, tachycardia, difficulty breathing

The most common cause of reaction occurs when a specific food is mixed with exercise. This condition is known as food dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Some of the thing the provider must be looking for that causes anaphylaxis is allergies to certain foods such as peanuts and shell fish. Also some medications such as penicillin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause a reaction in some people. Often we may not no the cause but as a provider we must revert back to the basics of assessing are patients. Airway, Breathing, and circulation are primary concerns with an anaphylactic patient as with any patient. Is the airway clear and patent or is it swelling and will soon be obstructed? Is the patient breathing appropriately to maintain life? Does the patient have adequate circulation to maintain perfusion? If any of these three are not functioning as they should it is imperative to correct them as soon as possible. In the pre-hospital setting one of the most effective drugs to combat anaphylactic reaction is Epinephrine. Anaphylactic reactions cause widespread vasodilatation in the bodies’ vessels which in turn leads to dangerously low blood pressure. Epinephrine works to correct this by overriding the dilation and actually constricting the vessels to allow for adequate perfusion.[Mustafa 2017] Another treatment that we as advanced provider tend to forget in are quest for a more definitive treatment is oxygen. In the rare instances where these two treatments