Anatomical And Structural Differences Between Arteries And Veins

Veins are made up of more elastic tissue and less smooth muscle and carry blood to the heart from the body. The heart wall has three layers that surround the heart. The outer most layer is the epicardium, middle layer is the myocardium, inner layer is the endocardium.

34. Why are arteries sometimes called the resistance vessels? More pressure is required to push blood through a constricted vessel than through a dilated one. The force opposing blood flow is called resistance (R) , and arterioles are therefore called resistance vessels

There are three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries are vessels that usually carry highly oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the rest of the body. (The pulmonary trunk and related arteries are exceptions, as they actually carry blood from the lungs toward the heart.) Because arteries must transport high volumes of blood being forcefully pumped out by the heart and must therefore withstand greater pressure, most have thick, muscular walls and are more flexible as well. Arterioles, smaller types of arteries with thinner walls, branch off of the arteries to carry blood to another type of vessel, called the capillary. Capillaries are the most abundant blood vessels in the body. Thinner and smaller than the other blood vessels, the role of capillaries is to exchange substances like water, gases, chemicals, nutrients, wastes, etc. with the tissues of the body. The third type of blood vessel is the vein. Although they are generally larger than the other blood vessels, veins tend to have thinner, less flexible walls, as they are not forced to deal with such high blood pressures. Venules (veins’ versions of arteries’ arterioles) connect the capillaries to the veins, which then transport blood back

     The frog, unlike a human, has only a three chambered heart. The frog only has one lower chamber while a human has two, the right and left ventricle. The frog has one muscular ventricle and two thin-walled atria. Blood that leaved the ventricle enters a large blood vessel that branches into two atria’s. These then divide into many smaller arteries, which then are divided into capillaries. Veins are used to return blood from the capillaries to the heart. The right and left pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium. As the frog breaths using air with its lungs the blood is oxygenated. Blood from all the other parts of the body is brought back through three large veins into a thin-walled sac. Blood form the sac enters the right atrium. The right and left atria then empty blood into the ventricle. So therefore blood that is pumped out by the ventricle is a mixture of oxygenated blood that is from the left atrium and deoxygenated blood that is from the right atrium. Circulation in humans is a bit different. Humans have a four chambered heart. The two upper, think-walled chambers are the atria. The two lower, thick-walled chambers are the ventricles. The circulatory system consists of two major pathways. Pulmonary circulation, which is the first pathway, carries blood between the heart and the lungs. Systemic circulation, which is the second pathway, carries blood between the heart and

Question 2: How do the cardiovascular and respiratory system work together to deliver blood to the body tissues?

The blood circulates around the body. The heart contract and relax, this mechanism of heart makes the blood to flow in the arteries to the body from heart and come back from body to heart through veins. The arteries carry oxygenated blood or oxygen rich blood and the veins carry deoxygenated blood or oxygen poor blood. This flow creates the pressure on the arterial wall and the pressure that is exerted on the arterial wall is known as blood pressure. Blood pressure is expressed by the

4. left ventricle 5. superior vena cava 6. inferior vena cava 7. ascending aorta 8. aortic arch 9. brachiocephalic artery 10. left common carotid artery 11. left subclavian artery 12. pulmonary trunk 13. right pulmonary artery 14. left pulmonary artery 15. ligamentum arteriosum 16. right pulmonary veins 17. left pulmonary veins 18. right coronary artery 19. anterior cardiac vein t s w x v 20. left coronary artery 21. circumflex artery 22. anterior

Using your knowledge of the pathway of blood, explain the flow of blood through the

Oxygen and nutrients the body requires for function are pumped around this complex network of blood vessels by the heart. At roughly the size of a human fist, the heart is a four-chambered muscle and performs two functions of circulation simultaneously and continuously. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. The heart is made up from three separate layers of cardiac tissue; the outer layer called the pericardium, which is a double sac-like outer covering with serous fluid inside to keep the middle layer, the myocardium from adhering to the outer layer. This middle layer of the heart is the heart muscle which is thicker on the left side, to aid with the pressure needed to sustain systemic circulation. The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium. It’s lining is smooth to help prevent the blood which circulates around the inside of the heart from clotting. The heart is the human body’s in-built pacemaker, and the electrical signals sent through the it cause the heart to contract and relax. This process is triggered by the autonomic nervous system and the contraction and relaxing cycle is

The arteries in the body are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart and through the body. Endothelium, which is a thin layer of cells that lines the arteries to help keep the inside of the arteries smooth and toned allowing normal blood flow. The disruption that leads to atherosclerosis begins when an individual smokes, and has either high blood pressure or high cholesterol; in which begins to form atheroma. When the endothelium is damaged it causes it to become invasive allowing bad cholesterol or LDL to enter the artery walls. In return, causing the white blood

The two major cardiovascular circuits in the human body is the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit. Both of these circuits work together in order to make the body function properly. The major difference between these two circuits is where the blood travels and what areas of the body the blood reaches. The pulmonary circuit carries blood to only the lungs which focuses more on gas exchange. The systemic circuit carries blood to the tissues in the entire body which focuses more on supplying the tissues with oxygen and nutrients. Another interesting fact that separates these two circuits is the blood itself and the process that which it flows. At the beginning of the pulmonary circuit, the blood is deoxygenated. The oxygen poor blood then

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries. It is formed by the afferent arteriole. The glomerular capsule in the enclosed sac that holds the glomerulus and filters the blood of this.

Blood is one of the most vital components of the human body. The blood carries many functions such as to supply oxygen to the bodies tissues, remove metabolic waste products, regulate our core temperature as well as fighting infection and foreign bodies (Glover, 1997). The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and its vessels. The heart is an involuntary muscle which receives blood to the atrias, which is then pumped via the ventricles. The vessels are composed of three main types. Arteries, veins and capillaries; all which transport blood throughout the entirety of the body. The constant action of both the vessels and heart ensure that the body receives a continuous supply of blood, keeping us within our homeostatic limits.

there is no pumping mechanism to do so); veins have to be able to hold

The arteries are thicker and more elastic because of the fast pumping of blood that leaves the heart to other organs to the body, as where the veins are small due to the low blood flow because of the slow movement from the capillaries to the veins not like the forceful pumping from the heart to the arteries to the rest of the body. The Oxygenated blood goes through the arteries except the pulmonary arteries. Then Deoxygenated blood goes through the veins except the pulmonary veins. The lumen of the artery is narrow, were as the lumen of the veins is wider. There are not valves in the arteries, were as the valves are present in veins. In the arteries, endothelial cells of tunica intima are more long then wider, and have more elastic membrane that is more developed. Then the Tunica media is more muscular, and the tunica extrema is not as developed. In veins, the endothelial cells of tunica intima are not as long and have more elastic membrane then being developed. The Tunica media is less muscular were the tunica extrema is more developed. Arteries are deep within and the veins are more superficial. Capillaries are microscopic vessels; they carry blood from the arterioles then go to the small veins or venules. The wall of the capillary made up of a