Anatomy And Physiology During The Hellenistic Period

As Jim’s muscles are at maximum demand, his mitochondria are unable to produce the needed ATP through aerobic respiration because oxygen is unable to diffuse fast enough into his muscle fibers. At this time anaerobic

The primary focus of ancient Greek sculptures was that of the human body. Almost all Greek sculptures are of nude subjects. As the first society to focus on nude subjects, Greek sculptors attempted to "depict man in what they believed was the image of the gods and so would come to celebrate the body by striving for verisimilitude or true – likeness (realism and naturalism!)."(Riffert) Not only did the Greeks celebrate the human form in their art but also in everyday life. (Riffert) One of the favorite topics for sculptors was that of the athlete. In Greek culture athletes were described as "hero–athletes". (Riffert) This shows that athletes were revered and looked upon as heroes. The influence

Although grave robbing was not as large an issue after the passing of the Anatomy Act, the field still had its darkest times ahead. During the 19th and early 20th century, anatomists took advantage of the most disadvantaged sections of society including the mentally ill, people of color and poor immigrants (Cutter 2002, Halperin 2007). While these atrocities are worth remembering, anatomy truly reached its lowest point during the regime of the National Socialist Party. Corpses from concentration camps, mental facilities, and prisons were all sent to aid in research and teaching (Kaiser 2013). Throughout history, anatomists have put their morals aside for the sake of scientific advancement, but it is clear that this reached its most inexcusable

The greek people are so unaware of what is about to happen and it truly heartbreaking that this is is the twilight of the hole greek civilization. Nevertheless this period is so fascinating and interesting this is the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic age begun after the death of Alexander the grate. Like I said earlier he left no new successor so this caused in fighting and the empire was divided up against the wars generals they .There were three empires would form there would dynasts from Alexander's empire; there was Antigonids in Macedonia and Greece, the Seleucids in Perissa and the ptolemies in Egypt. The people did not go back to their way of life because they were ruled by greeks and macedonians, so the local

​As a result of the Greeks spreading throughout many regions following Alexander the Great’s conquests, the Hellenistic period saw old ways of thinking replaced with new ideas that reflected changes in society and the blending of diverse cultures that had now been exposed to one another. As Greek language and lifestyle swept through Egypt and West Asia, and major cultural hubs like Alexandria came to prominence, the Greek way of life had a profound effect on these distant lands, just as their own exotic customs and histories similarly affected Greek thought and culture. This, along with the changing political climate in these regions, led to a period of immense advancement in philosophical and religious discourse that would forever change the course of history and pave the way for the birth of Christianity. The three most significant catalysts for change in Hellenistic religion were the exposure of diverse cultures to one another, the vast changes in political and societal life during this period, and the shifts in philosophy and religious thought

Andreas Vesalius, a Belgian physician, is known as the founder of human anatomy for revolutionizing medicine and biology through his findings of the anatomy of the human body. From 1533 to 1536, Vesalius studied at the University of Paris. There, he learned to dissect animals and obtained many human corpses to dissect too. He devoted most of his time to studying human bones, plentiful in cemeteries throughout Paris. At the time, Vesalius relied on the theories of Galen, a Greek physician, until he realized that the books on anatomy that were written by Galen were based on the dissections of animals, not humans. Vesalius’s book on anatomy, commonly known as the Fabrica, was printed in 1543. This book became widely known, detailing and teaching

“Egyptian civilization, one of learning and constant advancement, led them to study the human body and experiment with treatments and remedies”- Ancient Egyptian Medicine: The Study and Practice of Medicine in Ancient.The Egyptians wanted to mummify people because they believed that once someone passes away the soul will come back and reunite with the body once it is buried. Mummification was a long and precise process because it was important to Egyptians . A famous Pharaoh, King Tut, mummification process was very important because he was admired by many. New medicines were discovered because of mummification such as remedies, medicines containing herbs and medicine to clean the organs. As well as new discoveries of the human body was discovered,

The way the Greeks ran their city-states was second to none. So it was only fitting that other society’s tried to mimic what the Greeks were doing, and so a man by the name of Alexander the great, who was eager to start his own age created the Hellenistic age. Hellenistic means “literally imitating the Greeks; the era after the death of Alexander the Great when Greek culture spread into the Near East and blended with the culture of that region.” (Spielvogel, 94) Even though Alexander the great set the foundation for the Hellenistic age it truly began to take form after his death.

Surgery during the Middle Age had been passed down from early Greek societies. Galen named one of the famed physician was the first to incorporate dissections into the practice and open up a new window of medical advancements. His earliest influence on the fronts of Europe with his renowned studies in anatomy and physiology. Because of the increases interest in the field of medicine, across Western Europe more focus was brought to universities. Two of the more popular schools of medicine erected in the 13th century were the universities of Padua and Bologna. These schools both specialized in medicine and student took years of hard study to earn their

By the time of his death in 323 B.C., Alexander the Great had spread his empire and influence from Greece all the way to Asia, dispersing Greek customs and beliefs that would give way to the rise of the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic Age is described as the period in history where classical Greek culture had become dominant throughout the Mediterranean. The name, Hellenistic, is derived from the word “Hellas,” meaning Greek, and was coined by German historian Johann Gustav Droysen.

The third and fourth centuries presented themselves as a time for advancement in medical and surgical procedures throughout Greece and Rome. During this period, new methods of experimentation were introduced that transitioned the world of ancient times into a world of modern potential. Responsible for these advancements were philosophers such as Aristotle, who performed one of the first surgeries on an animal, and second century physician, Galen, who dissected livestock. Had we been deprived of their experimentation, twenty-first-century medicine would be significantly less developed, as they encouraged future generations to analyze the world’s broad spectrum of inhabitants. As a

First, Vesalius’ approach is based on Galen’s book of anatomy. Galen provides large amount reference books of life; indeed, anatomy lessons involved books help students point out organ. Second, the

The science of medicine has been constantly developed upon through various types of experimentation and theorizing, though previously with no connection to scientific discovery but with more focus on philosophy and connecting the natural and spiritual world with how our body works. One such example of this way of thinking was with the Greeks, specifically during the Classical era. The Greek beliefs on the way to treat the dead involved respecting one’s body, as to not damage the corpse to preserve the spirit, but physicians such as Herophilus and Erasistratus used these dead bodies to perform experiments on to assist in our understanding in how the human body functions. Although the experiments performed by Herophilus and Erasistratus conflicted

Our understanding in anatomy and physiology today will be deadened without the knowledge from the Renaissance period. Let take a short step to look at what is Renaissance? Based historian, Renaissance means rebirth because “it [is] believed that the human spirit [has] to be reawakened as it [is] in the classical (Greco-Roman) times” (). During this time, the new conception of human emerges as individualism which means a man can create his own destiny, and humanism in which “humans are the center of the universe” (). With their free will and the motion in seeking personal fame, artists engage themselves in learning the structure of human body to make their works more lifelike. With such knowledge, they have built the foundation for our

The Hellenic and Hellenistic shift was a turning point for Greek culture. The Hellenic are those who lived in ancient Greece before Alexander the Great. The Hellenistics are those who lived in the period after Alexander the Great’s conquest. Alexander the Great was a mighty and strong leader of the Greek people. The people that were under his following respected him greatly. We can tell the drastic changes that occurred after Alexander Great was leader by the art, philosophies, and religion. The Hellenistic Changes that occurred showed us that the Hellenistic priorities transformed drastically from what the Hellenic ways were like.