Anatomy and Physiology Essay

The function of the connective tissue is to support, bind, cover, protect and give structure to the body.

Compact bone contains Haversian Systems, which are in concentric circles called lamellae. Haversian system contains a blood supply and the periosteum is located on the outside

Use the lecture folder to help you complete this guide. The more detail you can provide the better prepared for the test you will be.

1. Name the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side is the:

P4- Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body.

Homeostasis means keeping a constant internal environment in the body. Homeostasis reaches from every cell up to the whole of the organs and the systems.

1) Make a graph of resting heart rates from Activity 1. Provide a physiological explanation for fluctuations in resting heart rate over time. Discuss a couple of extrinsic factors that influence the autonomic nervous regulation of resting heart rate.

As Jim’s muscles are at maximum demand, his mitochondria are unable to produce the needed ATP through aerobic respiration because oxygen is unable to diffuse fast enough into his muscle fibers. At this time anaerobic

Figure 8.1 Using Figure 8.1, match the following: 1) Periosteum. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3 2) Articular cartilage. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3 3) Joint (synovial) cavity. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3 4) Synovial membrane. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

The concentration of dissolved substances is less in the extracellular fluid than in the cytoplasm. Hypotonic Solution Concentration of dissolved substances (solute) Concentration of water (solvent) What happens to an animal cells? Inside the cell Greater Less Outside the cell Less Greater Membrane

Homeostasis is described as the body's ability to maintain internally stable conditions. Each organ plays a huge role in maintaining this stability.

The human muscular system is made up of over 600 connecting muscles. All of the muscles work together in sync to make your body move in inumerable different ways.

Define equilibrium potential: Equilibrium channels can be calculated using the Nernst Equation and the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Equilibrium potentials are membrane potentials when an ion does not diffuse through the membrane. It is also associated with potassium leaving the cell through leak channels.

The nervous system helps maintain homeostasis by controlling and regulating the other parts of the body. A deviation from a normal set point act as a stimulus to a receptor, which sends nerve impulses to a regulating center in the brain. For example, “breathing is involuntary, the nervous system ensures that the body is getting much needed oxygen through breathing the appropriate amount of oxygen.” This shows that the nervous system plays a role in making sure that the breathing patterns of a human stays constant in order to maintain homeostasis. This system is the control center of the human body. The Control center sets the range of value to be maintained and is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The nervous system is important to the human body because its an organ system in charge of sending messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from all parts of the body. What helps send these messages are nerves, one or more bundles of fibers forming part of a system that conveys impulses of sensation, motion, etc, between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body. Nerves act as highways to carry signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. The Central Nervous system is the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body, it consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human body. It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel enables us to have memories and feelings- all the things that makes us human. Three main parts of the brain is the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain. The Forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus, The Midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum, The Hindbrain is made of the cerebrum, pons and medulla, brainstem.