Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System Essay

The nervous system is one of the body’s complex functions that contain a network of cells and nerves that transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to different areas of the body. It is categorized into two groups; the central nervous system which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which contains the body’s nervous tissue and is where neurologic responses occur. Homeostasis, which is the process in which thermoregulation is maintained, also happens in this area.

The nervous system in general is quite a complex and sophisticated system which is responsible for regulating and coordinating the body’s activities. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, mainly responsible for gathering information and responds to any changes within environment.

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. This system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Let 's take a look at the central nervous system.

The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.

The nervous system is made up of 2 main parts - the spinal cord and the brain. These two parts combine to make the central nervous system and the sensory and motor nerves which form the peripheral nervous system. Neurons process information in the form of electrical signals, namely nerve impulses, which travel along the axon. Charged ions are not able to enter plasma membranes which make neurons have a difference in ion concentration between the inside and the outside of a neuron. This prevents the passive diffusion of Potassium and Sodium ions from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Proteins which act as ion channels and ion pumps are attached to plasma membranes. This allows the ions to be transported across

The nervous system is a chain of interconnected nerve fibers which is constructed by the central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. The job of the nervous system is to send messages from the brain and spinal cord to different parts of the body.

Our nervous system is there to help to transfer the things our body feels and what we need. The nervous is broken up into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS), and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS controls the brain and the spinal cord, the PNS controls the nerves and the ganglia (a small mass of gray matter). Our body uses the spinal cord to send messages to the nerves so that it can control our organs and muscles.

The cerebrum is situated at the back of the brain. The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres, left and right. It consists of the corpus, callosm, and nerve fibers. The left and right hemispheres communicate with each other. The brain stem “connects the brain to the spinal cord” (Lu & Bludua, 2011), which regulates the body. The cerebellum is positioned beneath the cerebrum. It manages a person’s equilibrium and coordination.

Nervous System: The human nervous system is a communication that controls all parts of your body (communication within environment) — whether it is voluntary or involuntary.

The cerebrum makes up three quarters of the brain. In the cerebrum, there is the ability to problem solve, move, think and feel (“Alzheimer’s Disease,”n.d.). The cerebrum can be divided into two halves, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. Each hemisphere has four lobes, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and frontal lobe. Each lobe has specific tasks. For example, the occipital lobe is responsible for visual images.

There are two main divisions that comprise the nervous system: the central nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic and autonomic nervous systems (Kalat, 2013). The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system and is responsible for the transmission of nervous impulses as well as receiving sensory information (Siegal, 1999). The peripheral nervous system, consisting of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia, is responsible for transmitting information to the central nervous system as well as the rest of the body (Hubbard, 2013).

The nervous system has two overarching areas: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is known as the control center as it includes the brain and the spinal. Whereas the PNS includes the nerves leading all around the rest of the body, running to places like your fingers and toes.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is connected directly to the central nervous system, and consists of neurons and nerves that send information back and forth the CNS. Furthermore, the peripheral nervous system can be divided into two sections, the sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system. The Sensory The sensory nervous system is in charge of transmitting data from a variety of internal organs or from external stimuli to the central nervous system using sensory nervous cells. On the other hand, the cells of the motor nervous system (motor neurons), take the impulse from the CNS to effectors, which include glands and muscles. In addition, the motor nervous system can be further divided into the somatic nervous system, controls voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle and external sensory organs, whilst the autonomic nervous system operates

The cortex consists of four sections, called "lobes". The frontal lobe is connected to reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. The parietal lobe is associated with balance, recognizing, and movement. The occipital lobe is associated with vision. The temporal lobe is connected to hearing, memory, and speech. The cortex is highly wrinkled, making the brain more convenient, as this increases the brain's surface area, giving it more room for neurons. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres- the left hemisphere, and the right hemisphere. The right hemisphere is associated with creativity, and the left one is linked with logic. A bundle of nerve fibers, known as the corpus callosum connects these "hemispheres" (Brain Structures and their Functions). The cerebellum, which is also known as the "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum, since it also has two hemispheres and a highly folded surface. This part of the brain is linked with movement and balance. The cerebellum is assumed to be older than the cerebrum "evolutionarily" (Brain Structures and Their Functions). The brain stem controls basic life functions such as blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat. Scientists say that the brain stem is the simplest part of the brain (Brain Structures and Their Functions).