Anatomy of Criticism Introduction
In his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye offers a complex theory that aspires to describe a unifying system for literary criticism. It can be argued, however, that in attempting to delineate such an all-inclusive structure, Frye's system eliminates identity in literature. The present essay takes up this argument and offers examples of how identity is precluded by Frye's system as outlined in Anatomy of Criticism. Structure Vs. Identity
In Frye's system, the organizing principles that give literature coherence and structure are derived from the myths of ancient Greece and the archetypal imagery found in the Bible. In his Third Essay, Frye suggests that all literature is based on
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Frye completely ignores literature that is outside the Western classics; contemporary literature and literature from the Oriental traditions, for example, remains outside Frye's scheme, and he makes no margin whatsoever for including such writings in his theory. This rigid, inflexible system doesn't allow for literature other than works abstracted from Frye's narrow aggregation of central myths, and the identity of both the writer and any individual work of literature is lost in Frye's structure. The Identity of the Reader
In addition to excluding the identity of the writer and of works of literature, Frye's literary schema also ignores the identity of the reader. In his Polemical Introduction to the Anatomy of Criticism, Frye argues that "[literature] is a disinterested use of words: it does not address a reader directly" (p4). It is only criticism, he says, that can speak. We must dispute this, however, for surely the writer means for his or her work to converse with the reader in some manner. Frye would remove the reader from the experiencing of literature, but this is impossible, for there is a constant dialogue between a literary work and one's individual experience of that work. Frye himself would seem to admit this: "The reading of literature should...step out of the talking world of criticism into the private and
The Educated Imagination discusses major ideas that answer the question “what good is the study of literature?”. Frye does so by discussing concepts such as the desire of humans to connect to nature, the conformity to conventions and deviation from reality in literature, and the ideal manner in which literature should be taught. Northrop Frye’s The Educated Imagination proposes the idea that through the consumption of literature, the individual is able to develop an imagination which allows him to connect to society from an educated perspective.
An intriguing point in this chapter is that Frye proposes that literature is neither real nor unreal. Literature has been around seemingly forever, however, distinguishing between the “real” literature and the “unreal” would serve as the key concept to this chapter. Literature is real because since it is directly derived from human experience. This makes
New Criticism posits that in order to understand a work, one must focus solely on the work looking at, for example, its figures of speech among other elements and how such add to the organic unity (the coming together
How to Read Literature Like a Professor: A Lively and Entertaining Guide to Reading Between the Lines by Thomas C. Foster is a book that explains there is more to literature than just a few words on a paper or a few pages in a book. Thomas Foster’s book portrays a relatable message to a wide based audience. This book is relatable for two reasons, the way it is written and the examples it uses. The book is written in a conversational manner, as if the reader was in a group discussion about books and writing. As for the examples, they are informative, descriptive, relative, and entertaining.
In chapter five, “When in Doubt, It’s from Shakespeare” talks about the reappearance of different well known figures in literature. Foster follows this by giving an idea that literature is made based on other literary stories. He states that one of the reasons why story borrowing occurs is because there is only one story and it’s the human experience. Book critics usually refer to the literary works and texts as ‘intertextually’. According to the author, intertextuality is sometimes used to challenge a reader. If the person reading the story can point out the similarities or repetitiveness in the text then the meaning will easily be revealed to them. In conclusion, being able to identify different meaning of literary text and analyze it gives
Northrop Frye (1912-1991) read his Massey Lectures over the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC radio) in 1962. First published by Indiana University Press in 1964, the six lectures present key concepts from Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton University Press, 1957).
In the fourth chapter of Thomas C. Foster’s How to Read Literature Like a Professor, Foster addresses the complex network of relationships amongst literary works. These relationships are further defined as intertextuality, “the ongoing interaction between poems or stories” (29). The idea of intertextuality is that no text is “wholly original” (24). Every composition in literature is a blend of previous writings, directly or indirectly conveying ideas from other published literary works. As a result of literature growing from previous literature, authors can use already established concepts to communicate their views to the reader. Foster emphasises in this chapter the importance of familiarity and pattern recognition. Because intertextuality
In “An Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory” Bennett and Royle, explore topics such as subjectivity and ideology. In the Chapters “Me” and Ideology”, Bennett and Royle are able to define the terms as well as suggest how they are interrelated or interconnected. Bennett and Royle contend that literature replicates structures of ideology while encouraging subjects to question personal idenitity. They believe “subjects – people – make their own ideology at the same time as ideology makes them subjects” (Bennett and Royle 202). Stevens exemplifies Bennett and Royles contentions by building his ideologies around his profession as a bulter at the risk of losing himself to the subjection of his ideologies in which he can never be alone and cannot exist without his profession or the justications of his profession.
There are different forms and examples of exemplary and classic literature which have been deemed as significant works that are highly esteemed worldwide. These examples of literature would awe the world with how much literary skill they entailed when they were composed and written: attention to details as to formation of characters, the most crafty of plots, the most eloquent speeches and lines, the most astounding of twists of scenes, and most of all, the most universal and meaningful of themes. The theme of any literary work is what makes it great as it should be able to encompass the immense diversity of the world and as it would be able to transcend the boundaries of religion, age, race, gender, etc. Two examples of this great and
As the era of literature slowly declines, the expert critiques and praise for literature are lost. Previously, novels were bursting at the seams with metaphors, symbolism, and themes. In current times, “novels” are simply short stories that have been elaborated on with basic plot elements that attempt to make the story more interesting. Instead of having expert critical analysis written about them, they will, most likely, never see that, as recent novels have nothing to analyze. Even books are beginning to collect dust, hidden away and forgotten, attributing to the rise of companies such as Spark Notes. An author deserves to have his work praised, no matter how meager and the masses should have the right to embrace it or to reject it. As
the whole novel: “the linguistic pattern of choices realizes a primitive pattern of cognition, which in turn is the key to the tragic vision of the novel.”(Leech & Short, 2001: 32) Halliday being the widely acknowledged precursor of functional stylistics, the eminent German linguist-critic Leo Spitzer (1887-1960), is likewise father of literary stylistics. In his insistence that the smallest detail of language can unlock the “soul” of a literary work, he maintains the task of stylistics is to provide a hard-and-fast technology of analysis: I would maintain that to formulate observation by means of words is not to cause the artistic beauty to evaporate in vain intellectualities; rather, it makes for a widening and deepening of the aesthetic taste. It is only a frivolous love that cannot survive intellectual definition; great love prospers with understanding. (Leech & Short, 2001: 2) A question which is often asked in this connection is “At which end do we start, the aesthetic or the linguistic?” The image used by Spitzer of the “philological circle”, the circle of understanding, however, seems to suggest there is no logical staring point. Spitzer argues that the task of Linguistic-literary explanation proceeded by the movement to and fro from linguistic details to the
Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed “model” for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful.
Jailbreaking a iphone can be a relatively simple task to do. There are two types of jailbreak you can perform on your iPhone, and they are a tethered jailbreak and an untethered jailbreak.
Fish’s Reader Response Criticism is composed of two interdependent ideas: first, that the meaning of texts is shaped by the reading experience itself, and second, that these meanings cannot be judged to be correct or incorrect, but merely belonging to one “interpretive community” or another. The first idea may be identified as the executive aspect of Reader Response Criticism because it analyzes the act of reading, while the second idea is the epistemological aspect of the theory because it circumscribes the knowledge we can acquire about a text to the merely relative. Studied independently, each aspect of Reader Response Theory offers by itself strong arguments countervailing the formalist stance of the New Critics. But as we will see,
In the beginning of November one of my best friends Cheyann turned 18, she was super excited about her birthday because she was going to have all her friends around her including her younger sister, her two other girl best friend and myself. She made plans for her birthday to be downtown as more of a “girls night out” fancy dinner celebration. She asked me to drive us downtown to the mall, so after grabbing a parking ticket we drove around and around the cold, concrete parking garage to about the 3rd or 4th level. As I got out of the car I noticed that there were only a few cars around us in the dim lit garage, it was around 6pm so it was already dark and freezing cold outside. All us girls started walking towards the doors that led to the elevators laughing and talking loudly in our heels and short, fancy dresses when Cheyann stopped dead in her tracks and froze up.