Ancient History Assess the Contribution and Impact of at Least Two Queens During This Period.

During the late 1970s, one teacher questioned the role of the queen in ancient Egyptian art. The author Nancy Luomala from the article “Matrilineal Reinterpretation of Some Egyptian Sacred Cows,” contemplated on the ancient Egyptian power, and the matrimonial decline that men were able to acquire the position of Pharaoh. Luomala speculates that "the Great Egyptian Wife made whomever she married into a living king, whether brother or commoner "(Luomala pg.30). (THESIS???)

A woman becoming Pharaoh had been almost unheard of in ancient Egypt until Hatshepsut was born. Hatshepsut was the second daughter of the pharaoh, Thothmes I. After her sister, Neferu-khebit, died, Hatshepsut was the next heir to the throne unless a male married her and became Pharaoh. After Thothmes passed away, Hatshepsut fearfully, yet confidently, claimed the throne and commenced one of the most successful She-Pharaoh reigns ever recorded. Pauline Gedge’s Child of the Morning explained the social, political, economic, and cultural aspects of ancient Egypt’s society during Hatshepsut’s reign as Queen and Pharaoh.

The row of hieroglyphics on the side of the throne reads “the perfect goddess”, “Bodily Daughter of Ra”, and “Lady of the Two Lands” meaning ruler of both Upper and Lower Egypt. The nicknames given to her really showed how revered she was by others and the way she influenced society at that time.

The women were given the much authority since the last female child of the ruling priestess-queen will inherit the throne since the last child usually was the last to die therefore insuring that fertility will continue. The ruling of the women in the society, religious rituals and social events reflected the matriarchal way of thinking of the people (Rosenburg, 1984).

Queen Nefertiti, the most powerful woman in Egypt since the Pharaoh Hatshepsut 100 years earlier. She was as influential as she was beautiful, being a partner in power with her king and husband, Akhenaten. Together, the couple co-reigned over Egypt attempting to completely transform Egyptian religion.

Egyptians paid great respect to women at least in the upper classes, in part because marriage alliances were vital to the preservation and stability of the monarchy. The Egyptians believe that the royal family was immortal. The word family brings every member of the family to the same circle of respect and power. The man like in the Mesopotamian civilization was the head of the family. That is also seemed in today’s daily life in most cases. A statue of Pharaoh Mycerinus and his queen represents the wife presenting her husband and not the husband presenting his wife as the powerful one.

Let’s start with Pharaoh Hatshepsut. This amazing pharaoh was the first girl pharaoh. This pioneer ruled during the new kingdom, otherwise known as the Golden age. She ruled from about 1473 B.C.E to about 1458 B.C.E. This pharaoh encouraged trade in Egypt and in other civilizations. She made her government stronger by filling her government with royal advisers. She also wanted the same respect that people gave to rulers that are men. Some fun facts about her is that sometimes she wore a fake beard and she shared her rule with male

Throughout the ancient world women possessed few rights and privileges. A woman’s freedom varied depending on where she was born, in this case Athens and Sparta. But it can be said that most women were second-class citizens during this time period. Most women had limited social roles, little education, and no involvement in politics. Power and freedom was something that only existed in a man’s world, while women were expected to be submissive, docile, bear children, and take care of the household. Surviving records from ancient Greece show that women’s roles did not differ much from city-state to city-state but there were exceptions that include noble women and most notably, Spartan women. Some civilizations treated women with respect

She also brought wealth to Egypt. Being the first female pharaoh is a huge thing, some people supported her during this times, but others were strongly against her. This includes, Thutmose III who tried to erase all evidence of Hatshepsut’s rule as a pharaoh. To add on to this all, her army was the world’s largest army. She established different trade routes, which resulted in goods being brought back from Egypt, this all led to wealth. She showed her power as the first female ruler, and through her military.

She manage the slaves and organize the animals, preventing the kingdom from falling apart or losts it power. At night she would cry and long for her husband to come home ( Atwood 85-89).This show the loyalty because she waited and devoted for him for many years and took care of his possession to made him to be proud of her. She still keep hope of him returning home and does not want him to be disappointed when he returned and see his kingdom. She put his priority as if it were her and took care of it to show her devotion and loyalty toward him.

If you want to know what her name is her name is queen Tiye. She is married to Amenhotep III and she had 8 kids and their name are Akhenaten, Tuthmose, Sitamun, Henut-taneb, Isis, Nebet-iah, and Baketaten. Queen Tiye mother and father names are used to be queen Yuya and king Tuya but they past away. Then we queen Tyie was gave birth to her kids then i think either 2 or 3 year ago one of her son died. She was a queen of Egypt of the 18th dynasty. She had exerted an enormous and a big influence of her dear husband and her son. Queen tiye believed in a formal traditional polytheistic in her own religion in Egypt. So she really wanted to do something about it. After she completed her mission of what she was doing. She died in her early sixites

Bastet was a goddess of cats, woman and children. She had the head of a cat. Also she was one of the daughters of the god of the sun Ra. To honor her people made statues of cats. Also the people made a temple for her that is now in the Nile Delta. It is believed that there was a flood and that is how her temple got under the water. Sometime she had the head of a lioness to protect the king in battle.

One of the central values of ancient Egyptian civilization, revolves around the concept of harmony and balance in all aspects of one's life. This ideal equality was the most important responsibility observed by the pharaoh who, as a mediator between the gods and the people, was supposed to be a role model and set by an example for how one achieving a balanced life, as all people sharing a common relationship with pharaoh. Through this relationship all men and women acquired equality to one another. Therefore, not to the world's surprise, women in ancient Egypt, compared to other civilizations, were ahead of their time. Women in ancient Egypt did not only rule the country and become pharaohs, but also shared equal basic human rights as men. Women such as Hatshepsut, Nefertiti, and Cleopatra were able to take the stand and break the stigma of the typical minority that are deprived of many rights, and most importantly legal, and educational rights.

The reign of Amenophis III was the beginning of a political era of diplomatic relations and an economic upturn in Egypt. Amenophis III was original with the choice of his ‘Great Royal Wife’, Tiye, who was not born into a family of monarchs.

Cleopatra VII was the last Pharaoh of Egypt. Cleopatra reigned over Egypt in 51BC after the death of her father Ptolemy XII Auletes. Cleopatra’s mother was Cleopatra VI and she came to power at the age of 17. Cleopatra ruled over Egypt with her two brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy VIX and her son Ptolemy XV Caesar. She was born in 69 BC in Alexandria and ruled from 51 BC to 30 BC. Cleopatra was Macedonian, but even though her ancestry was Macedonian, she was still an Egyptian queen and worshipped as a god. She was remembered for in history as the last Queen of Egypt and her relationships to Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.