And Differences: Similaristics Of Zooplankton

Figure 2.0 further supports the notion above, where the Simpson’s Index of Diversity is greater in Habitat A in comparison to Habitat B, with a difference of 0.22. From Figure 3.0, it is evident the species Copepod is most abundant in both Habitats A and B, whereby the proportional abundances are 0.628 and 0.782 respectively.

2) Electron Microscope (EM) uses a beam of electrons to resolve electrons, better resolving powers than light microscope M:100,000x RP 0,2 nanometer

The ocean floor is a very dark and is filled with algae however, crabs that live here can still easily catch and eat plankton. Scientists are wondering, is it the crab’s other senses doing the job or is it just there sight? On the ocean floor not much light gets in which leads everyone to think that the crabs can't see however, some light does reach the crabs and the plankton the crabs eat. Most visible light does not reach the ocean floor in normal conditions except yellow light and green light. Since the plankton reflects all visible light the plankton would appear yellowish green to the crab’s eyes. Even though the green and yellow light reaches the floor in normal conditions the area where the crabs live is packed with algae. According to evidence cards F and G algae reflects green light but all the other colors of visible light are absorbed with algae. This states that only green light has a large chance of making it to the bottom so the crabs can see the plankton.

Dissecting helps students appreciate the complexity of organisms, by actually being able to come in contact and see up close instead of learning about it through a textbook. Students will become more involved if they are able to do something, rather than just listen as they will mostly not retain anything. Therefore, speaking from experience the dissection is geared more for hands- on learners, but, it enables all students to practice their observational and following instruction skills. Comparing notes with other students this dissection enabled everyone to come up with a better visualization of how all the organs are interconnected in the human body. Looking through the textbook at pictures does not give an

The purpose of this experiment was to observe the light that the Tomopteris emits. They collected Tomopteris from Monterey Bay off the coast of California. They then stimulated the Tomopteris to produce light so that they could observe the light that it produced. The researchers took photos and measured the amount of light that was emitted per Tomopteris. One interesting discovery was a Tomopteris that emits a blue light which is rare since most Tomopteris emit a yellow-orange light. The researchers tried to create explanations as to why this Tomopteris emits blue light. They think that “different protein complements may be responsible for the light in different species”. However, this isn’t their only explanation for this rare blue emitting Tomopteris. The other explanation is that “this could potentially reflect different ecological roles of the two light colors”. Researchers concluded that with further testing the blue-light emitting Tomopteris may be considered a species of their own.

A light microscope was set up with the light on a low setting; one large Daphnia was selected and placed in the centre of a cavity slide by using a pipette.

In electron microscopy, on the other hand, a beam of electrons with a negative charge, instead of light is sent through a very thin slice of the specimen.  Because the electron beam has a far smaller wavelength than light used in light microscopy, it achieves far better resolution, “the current resolution of limit of the best electron microscope is approximately 0.05 nm atomic resolution, and 4000X better magnification than that of a conventional light microscope”(BSP, S., 2010).  This means that with an electron microscope you can potentially achieve enough magnification to observe the shape of the protein machinery that carries out the work inside of cells. The major limitation of electron microscopy is that specimen

Using the microscope provided to analyze the different size of the different cells and organisms

First, we discovered that we should start with low power objective to observe. To focus the image, use the coarse adjustment knob to adjust it. When looking at high power objectives, the fine adjustment knob can be used. Also we discovered that when you move the slide towards you, it appears to move away. When observing the letter “e”, we discovered that the images observed under the light are inverted and reversed. Although we could not easily tell with the feather, threads, and potato, it became noticeable with the letter “e”. The “e” was placed like “e”, however when looked into the eyepiece, the “e” was upside down. This shows that the microscopes works in an inverted way. We also discovered that to adjust the amount of light entering the microscope, we could use the iris lever to adjust the diaphragm. For example, the white thread required little light to see the cotton fibers, compared to the feather or letter “e”. Therefore, we learned that by altering the diaphragm, we can fix many of the problems associated with the observations. Lastly, we discovered that only one depth can be seen clearly at a time under high power. When working with the crossed strands of thread, we had to turn the fine wheel adjustment back and forth while looking through the microscope to focus one strand. All in all, the lab supported the purpose. We were able to identify,function the parts of a light microscope, and prepare a wet mount(of a feather, letter “e”, black and white thread, and a potato). Furthermore, we located objects using high and low power objectives, adjusted the diaphragm to attain correct lighting, and used stains for an easier and more detailed

shellfish and zooplankton such as foraminifera and pteropods. These organisms, especially zooplankton, are the base of the marine food chain, as they provide energy in the form of food for animals higher up the food chain. The levels of calcium carbonate, minerals that calcifying species use to build their exoskeleton, in the ocean are disturbed by the increased amounts of carbon dioxide that is being absorbed. This new absorption is causing some parts of the ocean to become unsaturated with this important compound, and therefore making them less available to the calcifying organisms that need them. Without these protective shells, organisms are unable to survive, leading to a rapid decrease in their populations.

The ways we can examine organism is by using a microscope. We’ve used a bright-Field microscopy that shines light through a specimen (1). The organism is then magnified as light refracts through the four objective lens 4X, 10X, 40X, and 100X found on the revolving nosepiece. It is then further magnified as we look through the ocular lens at 10X. By multiplying the objective lenses and the ocular lens gives a total magnification of 40X, 100X, 400X and 1000X. Once reaching objective lens 100X oil needs to be put on the slide. By using oil, it increases the lens magnification because oil refracts light just like the lens in the microscope and it has the same refractive index (1).

Scanning objective - These lenes start out at 4X, which mean 4 times 10 magnification, making the lense a 40 magnification. You always want to start out on the smallest lens, get your specimen in focus, and then move to the larger scanning objective lens.

This experiment was about using the microscopes and trying to adjust the objective lens until I was able to see the cells through the ocular lens.

If the evidence is compared to the characteristics of life it can be concluded that life does exist in the pond water we examined. One of the things that we had observed about the Cladocera Bosmina is that whenever we would move the slide into the light so that we could see the specimen better, the specimen would move out of the light. This is an example of an organism reacting to a stimuli, a stimuli is a signal that an organism responds to. This directly connects to the characteristic of life that something alive must react to it’s environment. Another example of this characteristic is when both the damselfly larvae and the mayfly larvae used the long appendages (which after looking at a diagram i found out where antennas that they use to feel around them) to sense what was happening in the environment around them.

Most microscopes, including those in schools and laboratories today, are optical microscopes. They use glass lenses to enlarge, or magnify, an image. An optical microscope cannot produce an image of an object smaller than the length of the light wave in use. To see anything smaller than 2,000 angstroms (about 1/250,000 of an inch) a wave of shorter length would