Andrew Moore 's Opera Of The Proletariat : Rugby League, The Labour Movement And Working Class Culture

The paper that is about to be presented is about how a theory invented by Karl Marx can intertwine with sports as we know it. The Marxist theory mainly affects how people

Australia is widely regarded as both characterised and united by sport. Sport has an elevated place in Australia's official and popular national culture, and the country’s reputation for being a 'paradise of sport' has become a largely unquestioned aspect of the Australian way of life. Gender is a social construct that outlines the roles, behaviours, characteristics and actions that a specific society deems appropriate for men and women (WHO, 2014). The established relationship between gender equality and sport is a widely regarded issue in not only Australia, but all around the world. Gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, including sport and physical recreation

Sport in Australia has grown increasingly important from 1945 to the present day as more traditional sports soon expanded into a wider variety of sports with many factors contributing to this change. As a result of the war, many men wanted membership opportunities to sporting clubs to reinforce the bonding of mateship they gained during the war. As well as Australian men getting more involved in sports, migrants from European countries started arriving in Australia, they also brought with them an interest in sports and in particular soccer. As the growing popularity of soccer was introduced it increased interest in more cultures to build clubs originating from their own country impacting on Australia’s multicultural upbringing. From the 1970s

Australian sporting culture in the 90’s Good morning Mrs Fisher, fellow classmates and scholars. Today I present to you sports in the 90’s. Popular culture refers to the entirety of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, images, and other phenomena that are within the mainstream of a given culture. Sports fits into this genre

Introduction As the nation’s gender inequality continues to diminish, things like sports stereotypes, and labour force conflict cannot be understood without understanding the term of identity. Identity work is explained by Schwalbe and Mason-Schrock in 1996 as “anything people do, individually or collectively, to give meaning to themselves or others” (as cited in Ezzell, 2009, p. 1). I propose to examine inequality based on gender identity and in depth the process of stereotype issues, - how people construct stereotypes in gender inequality in the context of sport- among women Rugby. The academic literatures are based on gender identity/ inequality, where it provides many examples of individuals deflecting the norms “by ... creat[ing] a unique identity as heterosexy-fit— simultaneously tough, heterosexual, and conventionally attractive” (Ezzell, 2009, p. 14). With the intention of deflecting/ creating an exception to these norms, it only creates greater issues as not only does society view them in a certain way, but also the player themselves. The overarching goal of the proposal is to address the social issue and understand why society to this date gives harsh views towards women’s rugby with a common stereotypical view. As an illustration the views were described by Ezzell (2009) who conducted a personal communication with some female rugby players who stated that other views them as: “scary, butch lesbians,” “she-males,” “he-shes,” “lesbian man-beasts,” and “butch,

Williamson’s play, ‘The Club’, accurately reflects many Australian attitudes of today, even though the play was written many years ago. Some of the attitudes expressed, such as tradition, are still equally relevant in todays society. Tradition plays a very important part in ‘The Club’. The characters have their own ideas thinking that tradition must be changed to achieve success in todays society. For example, Laurie, the coach, blames an old Club tradition for his failure to win a premiership. He states, ‘You and your cronies wouldn’t let me buy players.’ Jock, the vice-president, replies, ‘We were upholding old tradition. It was wrong, but we believed in it.’ They should have believed in their club as tradition often gives us insight into what outcomes

As a young country, Australia feels like they have to prove themselves, and they reckon the best way for them to do that is on the competitive playing field(2). The nation’s character and identity always seems to be on trial during international sporting events, and the nation prides themselves on international victory. Victories against England and the United States are especially sweet to Australians because of their relationship with these superpower countries. Matches against New Zealand are also of the utmost importance to Australians pride because of the proximity of their neighboring country. Issues of national identity are always at stake when Australia competes against these countries.

As told from interviews with the players and coaches in the documentary, the West Magpies style of football brought on by the new coach Roy Masters has made the Magpies one of the most feared upon teams to play against. The community believed it was much more entertaining to watch the Magpies “play to hurt the opposition without getting sent off”, then seeing the real skills of rugby league win games. Magpies players kicked, punched, stomped, eye gouging and even hair pulling was used to win games as well as support within their community. The Fibros verse the Silvertails become some of the most violent yet favourite games to be watched from the everyday rugby league lover.

C) How do the two authors differ in their belief about the place of sport in Australian

Upon analysing equity and access in sport, it is important that I am aware of what levels of the framework have influenced my sport participation. In Queensland especially, the sport of AFL comes with primarily negative connotations. These preconceived notions about the sport and the cultural have had a negative

Contemporary Issues in Sport The main issue that I have chosen is hooliganism in football. The article to be analysed is that of Eric Dunning: Soccer Hooliganism as a world social problem, (in Sport Matters- sociological studies of sport, violence and civilization (2001). Other works will also be looked at to highlight wider understanding of soccer hooliganism from different social thoughts. What will follow is an essay that will try to cover issues raised by Dunning in his article. It is worth noting that Dunning in his quest to understand soccer hooliganism comes from a figurational perspective (this will be discussed later).

Critical Research Exercise A) Rawson’s book titled Labor in Vain? (1966) lists reasons for the decline in Labor’s first preferential votes, particularly up until the 1960s. By doing so, Rawson constructs the foundations for the beginning of the decline in chapter one, magnifying the core reasons to be the parties unneeded media drama, their lack of respect for leadership, inter-war policies, the 1945 party split, and the decline of trade union power through the alterations in Australian living standards. Rawson draws on interviews with Labor party members to construct his thesis as to why Labor is in Vain, enhancing it through the comparison of both Labor and Liberal policies. Rawson’s book is crucial for understanding why support began to decline during the early and mid-twentieth century, hence assisting with the question as it also provides answers as to what the Party itself can do about the issue, as it points out strengths of the Liberal party which assist in their success.

With consumerism overtaking society, religious expression is also one of the key aspects that Dawe comments on in Australian society. Bruce Dawe demonstrates this through figurative language and the use of religious connotations through his poem, “Life Cycle”. Dawe shows his readers that sport in Australian has an impact on society; he simply suggests this through the use of archaic language, “beribboned cots,” as it formalises and elevates the tone of the poem. In this poem Dawe communicates to the responder that the religion of Victoria is football. He demonstrates that even in infancy football is infused into life, “Carn… Carn…” as the readers would read this as, “Come on.” Dawe also utilises simile and oxymoronic language through, “they

This essay will be an attempt to bring together the ideas from our class readings about the Marxist sociological perspective as well as insight from other readings to further my understanding of Marxism and its applications to sport. I will lay the groundwork for the theory then proceed with how his theory is applied to accessibility issues in sport, distribution of power in sport and commercialization of sport.

The period of 1865 to 1950 was critical to the formation of “Modern” sport that is recognized today. In an article by Allen Guttmann titled From Ritual to Record: the nature of modern sport, Guttmann outlines seven characteristics that played a central role in the development of sports. These concepts were created as a sociological history of sports and took into place both American and European competitions. Guttmann’s notions of secularism, rationalization, bureaucracy and quantification, among others, all advanced the culture of sports; yet the most important of the stated characteristics is equality.