Anesthesia Paper

Although C. R. Wright invented heroin, it was 23 years later when it became popular. Felix Hoffman was a scientist at Bayer, who was instructed by his supervisor to make codeine, which would be less addictive

A mixture of opium and alcohol was designed back in 1680. However this formula would not surface and be marketed until the 1900's by the Bayer company in Germany as a method to combat the cough associated along with Tuberculosis. It was also used as a method to treat morphine addictions, that is until it was discovered that heroin itself was extremely

     Ecstasy, or 3, 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine, was first synthesized and patented in 1914, by the German drug company Merck. The original purpose of the drug was to be an appetite suppressant, however in 1970 it was given to clinical depressed patients to open them up and talk about their feelings. Then in 1986, Ecstasy was determined to cause brain damage (http://faculity.washington.edu/chudler/mdma.html).

Methoxyflurane was previously known as Penthrane, a halogenated ether when it was produced by Abbott laboratories. It was discovered in the late 1940’s by William T. Miller who was a professor of organic chemistry at the Cornell University in New York and was involved in the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan project was a research project that produced nuclear bombs in World War 2. In 1960 Methoxyflurane was introduced as Penthrane, a

In late 1800s to 1916 pharmacists and chemical manufacturers foreseen a way to make a non-addictive opioid. Heroin, marketed by the Bayer Corporation of Germany in the 1890s, was originally at the beginning of this. After heroin?s ban in America, two German scientists created oxycodone. It was recognized as a non-addictive, semi-synthetic substitute

In late 1800s to 1916 pharmacists?, chemical manufacturers have foreseen a way to make a non-addictive opioid. Heroin, marketed by the Bayer Corporation of Germany in the 1890s, was originally at the beginning of this. After heroin?s ban in America, two German scientists created oxycodone. It was

In late 1800s to 1916 pharmacists?, chemical manufacturers have foreseen a way to make a non-addictive opioid. Heroin, marketed by the Bayer Corporation of Germany in the 1890s, was originally at the beginning of this. After heroin?s ban in America, two German scientists created oxycodone. It was

The earliest form of painkillers was first created in the 16th century where people used laudanum or opium prepared in alcoholic solution as pain relivers. In the early 19th century, people extracted morphine from old opium poppy plants and this form of painkiller was most commonly used in the American Civil War. As Morphine was found to be very addictive, chemists in the 1870s produced heroin that did not turn out to be a success as it was proved to be more addictive than morphine. Many other synthetic opiates such as Vicodin, OxyContin, Percocet were produced respectively in 1984, 1995 and 1999. However, these synthetic opiates could only be given if prescribed by a doctor as they could also be addictive. There were also other options of

William T.G. Morton, born on August 9, 1819, was an American dentist who demonstrated the use of inhaled ether ¨surgical anesthetic¨ in 1846. He was introduced to ether by Charles T. Jackson while he attended Harvard medical school. Because of Morton, surgeries are now painless.William T.G. Morton, born on August 9, 1819, was an American dentist who demonstrated the use of inhaled ether ¨surgical anesthetic¨ in 1846. He was introduced to ether by Charles T. Jackson while he attended Harvard medical school. Because of Morton, surgeries are now painless.William T.G. Morton, born on August 9, 1819, was an American dentist who demonstrated the use of inhaled ether ¨surgical anesthetic¨ in 1846. He was introduced to ether by Charles T. Jackson while

The manufacturing of Neoprontosil and other products took place at the Winthrop Chemical Company Inc.. The company was a 50/50 joint venture of Sterling-Winthrop, also known as Sterling Drug, and I.G. Farben, a conglomerate formed in 1926 through the merging of eight leading German chemical manufacturers including Bayer, a German chemical and pharmaceutical company. [6, 13] I.G. Farben was notorious for its role in the Holocaust as it was involved in many war crimes. The company produced large quantities of Zyklon B, a cyanide-based pesticide, necessary for the gas chambers at various concentration camps during the Holocaust. [14] Sterling-Winthrop was an American pharmaceutical company founded in 1901 by William E. Weiss and Albert H. Deibold to manufacture and sell a pain-relieving preparation called “Neuralgine”. [15]

Chloroform was accidentally discovered by Dr James Simpson and two other colleagues when the scientists created it and mistakenly inhaled it. The drug left them lying

Louisa and Felicia are both women of UK nationality that committed infanticide around 110 years apart, though the cases ran very parallel, the rulings were very different. Over those 100 years modern day courts have changed dramatically in many forms. 18th century courts based their trials off the basis of “guilty until proven innocent”. Today, trials based off the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section (11) stating that “Any persons charged with an offence has the right; to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal.” Canadian Judges attempt to not be socially or politically tied biased.

Yet, a year later in 1965, it was determined that Ketamine was safe to distribute to humans. Parke-Davis Laboratories patented Ketamine for human and animal use in 1966 and soon after, Ketamine became available by prescription in 1969. It came in the form of Ketamine Hydrochloride under the name of “Ketalar”. In 1970, Ketamine was officially approved for human consumption by the United States Food and Drug Administration and was administered as a field anesthetic during the Vietnam War. This is when the drug really began its emergence in America.

Although general anesthesia is one big category, there are many different types of anesthetics and each one has a different formula of how it is composed. One of them being Chloroform, CHCl3. Chloroform is natural and Synthetic and was first made in a lab in 1832 by three different chemists working by themselves. Each chemist had a different type of synthesis but the photochemical reaction between methane and chlorine they used, is what makes up today's chloroform. This anesthetic is not used any more because it causes harmful damage to the liver and the kidneys.

Throazine, other major tranquilizers developed 1952 - The French psychiatrists Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker report that Thorazine ® calms hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients without causing clinically significant depression. The drug is called 'hibernotherapie' because patients became quiet, like