Anesthesia Research Paper

Anesthesiologists give patients anesthetics in a variety of ways, such as “orally, intravenously, by gas or direct injection to render patients insensible to pain Anesthesiologists typically maintain the same daily schedule a surgeon follows, participating in both scheduled and unscheduled operations. Anesthesiologists are responsible for determining the proper anesthetic and dosage level for each patient. They monitor the patients progress prior to, during, and after surgery.”(“Anesthesiologist” 31)

This Anaesthetic case study would describes and discussed the scenario of a patient through the anaesthetic role of their surgical procedure. It will include and discuss the anaesthetic safety procedures equipment and drug interventions used to ensure this particular patients maximum safety and comfort before and during the procedure. The case study will include pre and peri-operative assessment in order to describe the involvement contribution of various specialties in the holistic care of the critical care patient. This assignment will focus only on the anaesthetics side of the procedure but will also highlight the importance of the triad of anaesthesia and discuss the administration, maintenance and reversal of

The investigation of how anesthesia effects cognitive functioning has had a long history. Overtime, it has been suggested that there is an association between anesthesia, surgery, delirium, dementia and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (Inan & Ozkose Satirlar, 2015). The theory of anesthesia’s impact on cognitive functioning was derived in 1887, by Savage, who began to observe the “insanity” that follows the use of anesthesia. He suggested that “Any cause which will give rise to delirium may set up a more chronic form of mental disorder quite apart from any febrile disturbance” (Savage, 1887, p. 1199). Delirium can be defined as an altered level of consciousness that may cause a sudden decline in attention and focus perception (Isik, 2015). Postoperative delirium was reevaluated in 1955 when Bedford used a series of case studies collected over a 50 year span to describe a connection between anesthesia and dementia. The results suggest that 10% of the patients had postoperative cognitive dysfunction (Bedford, 1955). Since these initial studies, research has persisted using a variety of methods, in an attempt to determine: both long- and short-term effects of anesthesia on cognitive functioning and memory; whether the anesthesia administration technique will change the outcome of postoperative cognitive dysfunction; and other risk factors that may be associated to AD.

Regional anesthesia. This type prevents you from feeling pain in a large area of your body.

Anesthesia was developed in order to block or prevent pain during medical procedures. Anesthesia has been the backbone of the medical world for around 100 years now. Early anesthetics were primitive and many patients simply did not trust anesthetics. Anesthesia is still a risky process even in todays advanced medical world. Anesthesia is not used to treat or diagnose any specific disease; the sole purpose is to aid both the patient and surgeon through procedures. However, anesthesia is used in different ways based on the magnitude of the procedure. There are three levels of anesthesia which include; local, regional, and general anesthesia. An anesthesiologist determines which type of anesthesia will be needed.

Before surgery, the anesthesiologist will evaluate the patient’s current and past health to create an anesthetic plan fit for the patient. During surgery, he/she will diagnose and treat any issues that might come up. This is considered a dangerous job because giving too much anesthetic can easily kill a patient and not giving enough can create a risk of the patient waking up or feeling some parts of the

The management of postoperative pain has received much interest nowadays. The intensity of postoperative pain depends on many factors such as type and duration of the surgery, type of anesthesia and analgesia used, and the patient’s mental and emotional status (11).

I was rolled into the operation room. The acidic taste in my mouth still lingered from the regional anesthesia medication. Surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists, and doctors stood there near the entrance, waiting for my arrival. Yet, their faces were unrecognizable due to the surgical masks that concealed their identity. I transferred onto the operation bed with a bright light shining directly on my face. My vision began to blur and I could feel my every heartbeat. Fear engulfed my mind knowing that this would be my first surgical operation. I was uncertain. Could this truly treat my physical disability? General anesthesia was injected into the veins of my arm, and before I knew it, I was unconscious.

Awake craniotomy has the advantage to allow assessment of of the ability to assess patient’s neurological status during surgery. This type of surgery needs a balanced anaesthesia technique to achieve optimum sedation and analgesia without respiratory depression or loos loss of consciousness.2 The use of short acting drugs has the advantage of better control on patient’s consious level sedation and better cooperation between the anaesthetist, patient and the surgeon.3 Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy can be ach0ieved by regional blockade and intravenous sedation. Many drugs have been used for sedation

Anesthesia has redefined surgery. It has converted surgery from a form of medical butchery into a highly professional, lifesaving event, that millions of people undergo, worldwide (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014, para 4). The history of anesthesia is not the most picturesque as it was rather gruesome and cost the lives of many. However, these deaths were not in vain as anesthesia led to surgery seemingly becoming an everyday ordeal, in which its astounding impact on society has increased exponentially, especially in recent years. Although it may appear as if anesthesia is a fairly simple concept, the science

Patients should be able to respond, be aware of surrounding (Liddle, 2013). In this case, Ajay after roused, reported of feeling cold dry mouth, cried and complained of pain, which shows that he was awake. Whereas, level of consciousness vary with depths and time as it depend on many factors such as anaesthetics, duration of surgery and patient’s pain stimulation (Sinclair & Faleiro, 2006). As stated above, opioid is known as respiratory suppressants and it produce analgesia via receptors. Those are two factors that affect on consciousness level. Additionally, Sinclair & Faleiro (2006) also found temperature contribute in delaying recovery of consciousness. Neurological and respiratory disturbance affects brain tissue. This changes explain Ajay’s temperature is hypothermia with 35.0oC thus affect his consciousness level. Nevertheless, other study argued that long period of time patients been in theatre and anaesthesia leads to hypothermia (Liddle, 2013). Furthermore, Ajay has symptoms of thirst, drowsiness and confusion, which could be caused by uraemia results in dehydration in loss of blood or fluid during surgery (Sinclair & Faleiro,

William Morton performed the first anesthesia over one hundred fifty years ago. Even then his patients described being awake during their procedure. It wasn’t until early in 1960s that cases of anesthesia awareness became a concept of question. There were reports attempting to determine the number of incidence and the lingering consequences of being aware during a surgical procedure (“Anesthesia Aware”, n.d.). Some may have originally thought that a person who described being awake during surgery was dreaming or maybe even crazy. However, research proved that they very well may have been awake. Thorough study of personal encounters, along with analysis of the anesthetic charting and the surgical procedure, can often narrow the window of time when the patient might have been aware. The same analysis can also apply to patients stating that they had a paranormal experience while they were thought to be unconscious while under general anesthesia. These cases can be very humbling for the anesthesia providers, however, they are always taken seriously and looked at as learning opportunities for true professionals (Woerlee,

Local anesthesia is the most important thing we can use to ensure your comfort. If a procedure may cause any discomfort at all, we numb the area using local anesthesia before we begin. This eliminates your ability to feel pain or discomfort during the procedure. It can also be adjusted throughout the procedure — so please let us know if you begin to regain feeling, and we will adjust the anesthesia to fit your needs.

Deliberate hypotensive anesthesia was first introduced to clinical practice by Gardner in 1946 who used arteriotomy to reduce arterial blood pressure during removal of a vascular lesion from the base of the skull (Gardner, 1946). Schaberg et al. (1976) was the first surgeon who used this technique in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Controlled hypotension is commonly used technique to limit blood loss during specific surgical procedures on specific areas in which surgical hemostasis may be difficult (hip, spine, and facial bones) (Tobias, 1996), but Samman (2008) concluded that this technique remains controversial in oral and maxillofacial surgery after a systemic review regarding benefits and risks of deliberate hypotension in anesthesia. The technique

Anesthesia is one of the most significant developments in the medical fields history. Before anesthesia many people had to suffer because surgery would only bring more pain. Many surgeons, anesthesiologist, and medical professionals tried to find a way to provide less pain so others could undergo surgery and have faster recoveries. Finally, William Morton came along and saved the day. In 1846, Morton provided the first successful anesthesia, ether anesthesia. After the discovery, surgery and hospitals all changed. More surgeries were performed and hospitals became much busier and profitable. Surgery before anesthesia was one of the most painful things to could undergo, but William Morton’s creation of ether anesthesia changed that way hospitals and surgery worked around the world.