Angela Findlay Analysis

It is argued that custodial sentences play a significant role within society, incapacitating dangerous offenders and protecting members of the community. This essay will explore whether community sentences can also provide an effective alternative to custody and that offenders can be safely punished within the community. Section 142 of the Criminal Justice Act (2003) outlines the aims of imprisonment and sentencing. Community service orders were introduced by the Criminal Justice Act (1972), enforcing offenders that complied to take part in unpaid work that contributes back within society (Hucklesby and Wahidin, 2013). Community sentences can include various ways of reprimand: financial penalties, supervision or unpaid work (Worrall, 2013). It is argued by some criminologists that community sentences are a form of restorative justice; who those that offend should do something to repair the damage (Carrabine, Lee and Iganski, 2004). This essay will go on to discuss and debate social, economic and political factors in terms of community sentences being a viable alternative to imprisonment. Government agenda’s will be discussed within this essay, deliberating their policies as to whether community sentences could be a successful and valuable alternative to custody. In 2010, the green paper ‘Breaking the Cycle’ was set out by Government in order to reform sentences in the community, increasing the public’s confidence and reduce recidivism rates (Ministry of Justice, 2012).

While art is only a hobby to some, it can be a source of happiness and closure to others. Art, literature, and music have helped numerous people through challenging times, being an outlet in which one can let their emotions out. This being said, struggles such as addiction and depression can have an affect on an artists work. Many artists would not have the same quality of work they have today if they did not channel their emotions through art as a outlet. Sharing experiences through art is one of the most timeless ways to tell a story, dating way back to some of the first pieces literature and music created. Art is one of the biggest outlets in which one can let their emotions out in a healthy and effective way, sharing one’s story, getting their feelings figured out, while impacting the quality of work that is created.

For example, understanding the life struggles of the disturbed and mentally challenged Vincent Van Gogh, we can create a deeper understanding and appreciation towards his paintings. All types of art have this effect, but of all forms of art to display emotions and feelings, one stands

Prisons in today’s world has come a long way since prisons in the past, they still need some work done to create them to be in a better habitat to stay in for inmates, however they still are improving from when prisons use to be. Prisons or jails in the past were common with the basic tolerant of what punishment was described earlier. Previous prisons were much sever and also committed with the punishment process from days long past. As of today’s jails or prisons appear a slightly more comfortable. Within the past prisons appeared to be lonesome and depressed, for inmates who had to live there, and with no structure or directions to pursue. The total of people who have been locked up has obviously risen since then; the total of people being locked up started to rise in America in the 1970s. This trend in American people ending up in jail or prison is continually rising as the years go by. As of 1999 and 2000, the rate of offenders incarcerated in federal prisons has sky rocketed by nine percent” between” that time frame. Before around two million people resided in state and federal prisons. During the last two decades the number of offenders in prison, on probation, or on parole has majorly increased to over six million. In the early 19th century the development of penitentiaries started to come into effect as a means to control deviant behavior, but this idea ended up

The French philosopher Michel Foucault described rehabilitation as ‘punishment shifted over time from the disciplining of the body, to the disciplining of the soul’ in his book The Birth of the Prison (1975), and this is still the view held by many. Justice Secretary Michael Gove is currently working on a prison reform to which he aims to make prison life more beneficial to both the prisoner and society. He wants to do this by improving the education system in prisons, by preparing them with transferrable skills and qualifications, so when they leave prison they’re more likely to be employed rather than reoffend. Although there are undoubtedly very dangerous prisoners who exist, there are also those who are susceptible and misconceived and these are the ones who need help at building a future to reintegrate back into social normality. However, its deemed that the public adopt the ‘lock them up, and throw away the key’ mentality. In December 2015 an idea was proposed to which prisoners may use iPad to contact their families, but this caused high controversy as a un named journalist stated ‘I’ve only just been able to afford an iPad and they have never committed a crime, maybe that’s where went wrong’ (The Guardian 2016). We need to clarify the common misunderstanding that educating prisoners is a reward for committing a crime, its not. Its all based

When a child draws, their art hangs on the refrigerator. However, when an adult imitates children's drawings, their art hangs on a museum wall. Throughout Jean Dubuffet's art career, he expressed this desire to emulated children's art. But not only children’s art, he engrossed himself in the works created my asylum inmates. When children and the mental ill draw, their drawing come from a raw and natural place. Dubuffet felt connected to that “naive” way of expression.

Reflecting upon the current prison regime in the UK, critically consider arguments and evidence related to the application of criminal justice policy

Prison is defined as a building whereby people are ‘legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed, or whilst they are awaiting trial.’ According to the prison reform trust, the prison system has been overcrowded since 1994 and the prison population has increased, where between June 1993 and June 2012 prison population in England and Wales increased by 41,800 prisoners to over 86,000. With such increased numbers, it is questionable as to whether prison is effective, if it works and whether rates of reoffending are decreasing, bringing positive results. Theorists such as Durkheim view crime as ‘inevitable,’ that every society has some level of crime. Hence, where individuals transgress, their actions are punishable.

For this assignment, I chose the section 'Art and Social Consciousness’ because art which incorporates the struggles and injustices within a specific time period, both intrigues and encourages me to learn more about these artists and the directive they incorporated into their art.

with fewer than 15 open prisons in the UK, our system is focused on punishment rather than rehabilitation. This indicates that, first and foremost reason of prisoning the criminals in United Kingdom is to punish them by “evacuating” from public for a while. Community sentences and programmes that are outcome focused are the most successful penal intervention at preventing reoffending and have the support of victims. By punishing offenders government reduces the crime rate, since victims will foresee the results of their actions and probably they will feel more embarrassed to repeat their actions.

Crime control has always been a topic of major discussion in the field of social sciences. Imprisonment is a well-known tool for controlling crime; it process involves deviant members of society being isolated in restricted areas and punished in accordance to the criminal justice system which is arguably one of the oldest institutions in western countries and has the basic but often complex function of serving and protecting the justice of each civilian and catching and punishing those who represent a threat to the society. In fact as evidence suggests the human race instincts do react and punish the ones who commit offences. When it comes to punishment there are three main reasons to punish which are retribution, incapacitation and deterrence (McGuire, 2004) however these reasons have different approaches and criticisms. Many argue that prison should ideally help to discourage members of society from committing crimes and also deter prison inmates from re-offending. This means using prison as a general deterrence, by using an individual criminal as an example to the rest of society. However, one could arise questions regarding this matter, questions such as; does the present prison system works to rehabilitate offenders or does it work to punish them? In fact it has been predominantly argued that the system actually fails to achieve either of these tasks. Is this due to the fact that the prison system is not being harsh enough and not giving the right support to

Together, the reverberations created by the outcries of the last three decades: "Three strikes and you 're out." "Do the crime, and you do time." "Lock 'me up and throw away the key Wycliff, D. (2005). " So, we see that as a society is concerned, we hate criminals, and they deserve punishment. If you are a repeat offender, then they feel you need to be locked up forever. In this writer 's opinion, the prison system is a failure nowadays. Since the 1950’s we no longer use prison as a rehabilitation but just a place where society no longer has to deal with these group of people. Let us look at the next ethical point of view. Let us take a look at another point of ethics.

Notable artist, Vincent van Gogh, is credited with saying that the purpose of “Art is to console those who are broken by life.” This quotation seemingly implies that through exposure to art forms and the process of creation, feelings of comfort and healing will naturally result in the individual. However, while art may often support a cohesive nature in the ‘self,’ it can also serve to undermine this sense of satisfaction and wholeness. Specifically, in both Stephen King’s Misery (1987) and Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven (2014), the texts demonstrate these negative consequences of creation by subsequently revealing the destabilizing effects of art or artistic expression on the individual’s psychological and social performance. The exploration of this thematic trend occurs through the symbol of the “constant reader” as a representation of the theme of obsession, the recurring archetype of the Muse, and patterns of action of transitional shifts in character persona. As such, it is through these tropes that the works ultimately come to question the degree to which there is a distinction between the use of Art as a device for creation and for that of destruction.

The term ‘Criminology’ often arises many issues when trying to give a certain answer as to what the subject specifically is. (Newburn, 2017) argues criminology consists of various disciplines which concludes the subject as a whole. In this, he includes that psychiatry, psychology and social reform movements are all origins which have been led by a sociology approach to the theme according to Newburn. (Walklate, 2017) displays her thoughts that Criminology focuses on how crime committed is considered to be different due to various social and legal contexts. This essay will investigate the argument created around the subject of prisons being used as a method of rehabilitation. We will firstly consider the advantages and disadvantages of rehabilitation with the words of (Bean, 1981) and (Scott and Flynn, 2014) along with a case study and numerous statistics. A smaller topic we then evaluate is the theories of prisons and punishment. Finally, looking into inequality, we set out an argument and demonstrate why criminology is important to look at all perspectives.

Speculation has been raised about whether incarceration is effective for criminal offenders. When an offender goes against the law, it has been argued that they must take a 'social debt'. Therefore, they are sent to prison to protect the public community, and to be punished. This solution hopefully prevents criminals from committing crime. However, future crime policies should turn away from incarceration and work more to preventing