Angina Pectoris Research Paper

Angina accounts for around 1% of the population on average. It is usually caused by coronary artery disease and anginal pain is precipitated when there is an inadequate supply of

We present a case of 51-year-old male who presented to emergency room with complaints of typical chest pain.

Angina Pectoris is a disorder described by episodes of pain when the supply of oxygen to the heart is inadequate to meet the needs of the heart (Bruyninckx 2011). Hypoxia can be the result of three types of cardiac stressors:

Chest pain is posed as life threatening-has many definitions ranging from either stabbing, dull, crushing or burning. In certain cases, pain travels up the neck, the jaw, can radiate to the back or down one or both arms. Many different problems can cause chest pain and it can be difficult to determine the exact cause of chest pain (Burman et al’, 2011). Patients’ experiencing chest pain is symptoms consistent with, myocardial ischemia and is a common reason for presenting to ED (Pub Med Central, 2010).

Cardiac Echogram- This is to identify structural abnormalities in cardiac function, cardiac output, abnormal valves and MI (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar-Bailey, & Sandburg-Cook, 2017).

Esther Jackson’s symptoms lead me to believe that she is having a myocardial infarction. Her symptoms are similar to Jarvis’ elaboration, “Heaviness or pressure; poorly localized pain lasting 20-30 minutes to hours and does not resolve with rest. Generalized substernal or retrosternal pain with indigestion-like feeling, nausea and or vomiting” (2017, p. 493).

Serious causes for chest pain include: Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): New onset angina, accelerating or crescendo angina and prolonged angina or coronary insufficiency, non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The typical features of cardiac chest pain are 1.) located under the breastbone or at least some of the pain is situated in this area, 2.) other features include provocation by exercise or stress and 3.) relief by rest or nitroglycerin. If all three features are present the patient is

7. The common signs and symptoms of anginal pain include gripping, viselike feeling of pain or pressure behind the breast bone; pain radiates to the neck, jaw, back, shoulder, or arms (left arm commonly); toothache; burning indigestion; shortness of breath; nausea and belching (Goodman & Snyder, 2013). Also, the anginal pain is described as squeezing, burning, choking, or aching. However, in the case of heartburn the patient complains about sudden wake ups at night due to heartburn, burning sensation in the chest, uneasiness after eating spicy foods, abdominal bloating and gas, difficulty in swallowing, and frequent use of antacids to relieve the symptoms (Goodman & Snyder, 2013). In peptic ulcer, the patient describes the

Stable angina, also known as angina pectoris, is more commonly known as chest pain. As simple as it sounds, there are many underlying causes and complications that follow along with this condition. These chest pains are most often accompanied by strenuous activities or prolonged emotional stress. Angina is closely related to coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease leaves the arteries narrowed and restricted, which limits the flow of blood tremendously. Poor blood flow to the heart means poor oxygenation. The muscles in the heart are then oxygen deprived, which is the pain that the patient feels. The pain most often occurs when the cardiac muscles actually need more oxygen at a higher demand than usual, and when the workload on the heart has been increased. There are many conditions that increase the need for more oxygen, such as hyperthyroidism and hypertension. More often than none, rest and/or nitrates usually relieve the pain. If the pain is continuous while resting, the diagnosis can be changed to unstable angina.

The heart rate is measured with an electrocardiogram, or ECG. This is a machine that measures the electrical impulses from the patient's heart. This is displayed on a monitor or ECG graph paper. The boxes on the graph paper measure time. Five small boxes are equal to one large box. The large box represents two-tenths of a second.

Stable angina is another term for chest pain that occurs with activity and improves with rest or a medication called nitroglycerine. This is an extremely common condition that typically affects older individuals with high blood pressure, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol. People with angina are at increased risk for cardiovascular conditions such as heart attack, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. As opposed to stable angina, unstable angina is an emergency that can lead to heart attack very quickly.

     People with coronary heart disease, whether or not they have had a heart attack, experience

Angina is not a heart stroke that can occur pre periods, but it can move up to the level of heart attack and it needs to provide clinical assistance. The Frequency of this chest pain very important factor if it accrues more frequently or staying for longer durations, or if it caused by heavy and tiring workouts. It can be monitored via heartbeat examination by putting females on a treadmill in order to check blood circulation properly.

Angina is chest pain that occurs when there is not enough blood flow to the heart muscle because the arteries supplied heart become narrowed. The symptoms of angina are dizziness, feeling nausea, restlessness, and breathlessness. It is happened by smoking, stress, and family history. In England, it is more risk of advanced age estimated one in every 30 women between 55 and 64 years (1). for the prevention of angina eat healthy, cutting down on saturated fat, and reducing alcohol exhaustion. Angina diagnosed can be started with a blood pressure test, measured weight, and urine test. Angina has three treatment options. First, there are medication for treating the symptoms if the symptoms relive such as aspirin, nitrates, and beta blockers.

Chest pain has a broad differential diagnosis. It is complicated by a frequent disassociation between intensity of symptoms and signs and seriousness of underlying pathology. Patients present with a spectrum of signs and