Anglo-Saxon Construction

While the basic forms of Roman architecture were adapted from the surrounding past and present cultures, their innovation led to the advancement of these traditional ideals. The most notable advancement would be the invention of concrete to construct buildings. Composed of broken stones, flint, and sand, when this material became mixed with lime it created an amazingly durable and strong material known as concrete. With this, the newly developed material formed the core of most walls and ceilings of Roman structures. It is for this reason that concrete is the most significant Roman invention, "‘contributing more than any other material,' says Professor Middleton, ‘to make Rome the proverbially "eternal" city.'" (Walters, 23) Since the material was shaped by surrounding wood structures which could later be removed, the outer appearance of buildings became unattractive. To avoid this brick and marble were used as an outer shell of structures to conform to the beauty of surrounding Roman creations. The discovery of concrete and the efficiency of reusing the wood frames to construct buildings made architecture far quicker and easier than ever before. It is clear that "once the Romans had put the idea of using vaults and concrete together, the possibilities were endless." (Ramage, 53) Elaborate structures were now accessible, and the ability to erect enormous

Stone vaulting became necessary and Stone carving made a comeback. Church’s would burn down because of there wooden construction. To change this, and provide a beautiful setting for the display of relics, as well as enhancement of acoustics, the stone vaulting became popular during the 11th century (book.) For example, in 1150 at Angers, A bishop sought to replace the timber roof of his cathedral with stone vaults (book). They also

The wooden towers of a motte and bailey castle were removed and replaced with stone, because the towers were hollow, it was called a shell keep. Castles with a shell keep were better than the early Norman ‘motte and bailey castles’ because it was an expensive way of strengthening the motte, the fragile wooden fence around the motte was replaced with a stone wall. The castle engineers during the Norman period of time did not trust the motte to support the enormous weight of a stone keep, but the a common solution to that problem was to replace the wooden stakes enclosing the castle with a stone wall then building wooden buildings backing onto the inside of the wall. This construction was great because it meant that the walls could be thinner and lighter. The shell keep castles were less popular and were relatively short lived, the style stopped being popular very quickly. Castles like York castle Clifford tower have a stone

The Anglo Saxon is a primary source written by an anglican monk who was captured and taken back to Norway. This chronicle is a recount of the brutal and harsh conditions in captivity and slavery. However; it may not be 100% historically correct due to the obvious grudge and biased point of view the monks have against the Viking warriors. The chronicle was originally written in old english and continuously updated for many years between, 1116-1154 AD . 9 copies of the original were made and spread throughout monasteries around england. All of these facts help depict the importance of this book. This source is quoted as being the single most useful old english historical source due to the fact that it helped historians piece together the romanian

Common people lived in simple houses, which were made from adobe, clay, and water. Adobe are bricks made from dried clay and water. They had floors made of straw and roofs made of dirt. Almost every house had only one main room, which was used for everyday indoor activities, like cooking, eating, and sleeping. Every house had another building for steam bathing. The building would have a fireplace which would heat the walls. Water would be poured on the hot wall to make steam. The Aztec people thought that this heat was good for the family's health.

This style was very popular in early western Canada as it uses materials that are effortlessly accessible and it is relatively uncomplicated. The structure of the church also consisted of, wood construction, pointed arch windows, separate entry porch and attached haven (Midnapore Church of England Society, 2014). Today in order to keep these styles of churches functioning, they had to be altered slightly. These altercations included general construction consisting of stone.

Their most glorious architectural accomplishment was the cathedral. Cathedrals, made of stone, were only established in rich and powerful cities, because they were very expensive. They boasted the city’s wealth, and demonstrated how important God was to their community. Cathedrals took hundreds of years, and thousands of people to construct. They were shaped like a cross, and were often the tallest building in that city.

During the Anglo-Saxon time, the social periode of this age was hard on everyone, for this particular reason it had a big effect on the literature of this time, literature during these centuries reflected the realism of the situations and experiences of the time period ….. The fall of the Roman Empire threw the social conditions into chaos ; there was a lot of war between between cultures & religions, along with disagreement and mistreatment between classes of people (especially when it was a time of feudalism ), Historians and others thought of this iron age to be ; corrupt, vile and hellish ,because of this it has and continues to be nicknamed the “Dark Ages “. The Literature of this age shows the fatalistic world view that the people developed from this wretched time, the writings tell of death and war with little hope for a better future.For example in the story of Beowulf it shows the many challenges that a society had to face before it could even be near peace and even then problems kept coming, not only does it show these

The church structures have changed drastically over time. In the beginning of the Church History, places of worship were simple stone buildings, with the primary focus being on praising God and having a place to hold the sacraments. Monasteries were a common worship center as well. The simple designs have been revamped.

The size and quality of houses differed counter to their relative prosperity, and that prosperity usually depended on the amount of land held. Poor peasants lived in windowless wood houses which thatched with straw. Such a house comprised a large room that served as the kitchen and living quarters for all. Living space was dark, smoky, and smelly, with animals

Bishop Germanus used a technique of preaching and spreading the word of god thru the churches and in the streets and fields. There idea was they were going to try to spread the religion as fast as they could by word. The people learned of this religion and learned they would acquire authority and honor, thus making them immediately open to there way of thinking. Bede may consider the Anglo Saxons as not fully converted because they still had there ways of being brutal and having the urge to always fight, they were basically still barbarians and they way of converting them was to try to get them to relate some of the ways of there life to the Christian religion. The Anglo Saxons that were converted by the Irish form of Christianity was different

What kind of materials did the castle used? The main materials that were used were just stone and wood, the defensive wall would be stone,

The romans were the first builders in Europe, perhaps the first in the world to fully appreciate the advantage of the arch, dome and vault. Rome has rich and diverse use of Architectural styles such as the early Hellinistic period and apart from the roman engineering works it is difficult to find any well preserved buildings dated during the republic era earlier than 100BC, right through to the Romanesque style in the 11th, 12th, and 13th Centurys were the style was so extensively used by the Roman architects that Rome would become a major centre for Renaissance and Baroque Architecture. Rome also has an often overlooked, yet rich Romanesque and Gothic heritage. Many of the first Christian Churches in the world were constructed in Rome, and Byzantine Churches were mainly based on the Roman Basilica (public court house). There are a few Gothic Churches in Rome such as Torre delle

The common house was quite large during the later years, estimated to be about 20 by 15 feet. Each house offered ample shelter during harsh conditions but was foregone most of the time in favor of outdoor life. Every house had all the fixtures necessary for life, such as kitchens and drying racks. Each house most likely held a few generations of a family at once, so it was most likely that on most nights, inhabitants avoided the stuffy and warm huts in favor of moonlight sleeping conditions (Nash and Gates 1962).

In 11th century Europe, medieval churches were constructed in the Romanesque architectural style. The Romanesque style church, which was influenced by Roman architecture, consisted of heavy, thick walls and rounded arches (West, 127). As a structural necessity, the thick walls were used to support the weight of the top of the church pushing down. Because of this, Romanesque style churches were only allowed small,