Animal Spirits : How Human Psychology Drives The Economy

The outbreak and spread of the financial crisis of 2007-2008 have caused the most of countries into severe economic difficulties and also created an adverse impact on the global economy. The beginning of the financial crisis is defaults in the subprime mortgage market in the USA. Although the global economy seems to recover since 2009, the impacts of the crisis still affect many countries until now. This essay focuses on the background and impacts of financial crisis, and the learning from the movie The Big Short.

In 2008, the world experienced a tremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted in the collapse of massive financial institutions such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brother and AIG. These collapses not only influence own countries but also international area. Hence, the intervention of governments by changing and

John E. Stapleford, Professor of Economic Development at Eastern College in St. David’s, Pennsylvania, expresses that morals and financial aspects are the ground-level points of this book. Stapleford likewise makes the substantial point that both financial matters and morals created as branches of philosophy. He further watches that throughout the years, barriers between the two disciplines have created with most financial experts maintaining a strategic distance from any express specify of the moral ramifications of the monetary speculations and ideas tended to in mainstream financial writings. Stapleford tries to address this situation

In the eyes of the authors, Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, economics is not seen as a monetary subject but rather a subject with the ability to gain answers through the utilization of interesting, yet out of the ordinary questions. These “out of the ordinary questions” can be seen as the backbone from which the collaboration was written. Levitt and Dubner structured the novel in this way to explore and reveal “the hidden side of everything.” They focus on the incentives behind people’s motives in all different aspects of society—from sumo wrestlers to crack dealers—and connect the surprising similarities with each other. After reading what Levitt and Dubner had to say, I established that the authors’ goal in creating such a novel was

Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 originated in the United States spread to the financial systems of many other countries, including CIS countries, by means of the domino effect. Bankruptcy of one of the largest Americans Bank, Lehman Brothers Holdings PLC, in someway was a launcher of this global crisis the scope of that can be compared with the Great Depression of the 30s of the last century. No one could have even believed that a crisis in the local market of subprime mortgage loans in the USA would have such enormous affect on the financial systems over the world and crash banking sectors of many countries one by one.

Financial crisis is really a major concern for all economies in the world. Every time a crisis occurs, companies, banks and financial institutions should draw their own lessons, because if the lessons are not recognized, they may still go on the trail of failure of

The financial crisis that happened during 2007-09 was considered the worst financial crisis in the world since the great depression in the 1930s. It leads to a series of banking failures and also prolonged recession, which have affected millions of Americans and paralyzed the whole financial system. Although it was happened a long time ago, the side effects are still having implications for the economy now. This has become an enormously common topic among economists, hence it plays an extremely important role in the economy. There are many questions that were asked about the financial crisis, one of the most common question that dragged attention was ’’How did the government (Federal Reserve) contributed to the financial crisis?’’

The collapse of Lehman Brothers, a sprawling global bank, in September 2008 almost brought down the world’s financial system. Considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great depression of the 1930s. Economist Peter Morici coined the term the “The Great Recession” to describe the period. While the causes are still being debated, many ramifications are clear and include the failure of major corporations, large declines in asset values (some estimates put the drop in the trillions of dollars range), substantial government intervention across the globe, and a significant decline in economic activity. Both regulatory and market based solutions have been proposed or executed to attempt to combat the causes and effects of the crisis.

The banking crisis of the late 2000s, often called the Great Recession, is labelled by many economists as the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Its effect on the markets around the world can still be felt. Many countries suffered a drop in GDP, small or even negative growth, bankrupting businesses and rise in unemployment. The welfare cost that society had to paid lead to an obvious question: ‘Who’s to blame?’ The fingers are pointed to the United States of America, as it is obvious that this is where the crisis began, but who exactly is responsible? Many people believe that the banks are the only ones that are guilty, but this is just not true. The crisis was really a systematic failure, in which many problems in the

Throughout history there has always been some sort of a class struggle. The rich always seemed to get richer while the poor barely managed to get by. One of the main things that contributed to the ever-expanding gap between the rich and the poor was greed. Whether it was the greed for money or for power, greed was certainly a driving force. More recently, the greed of several, rich and powerful individuals helped to cause one of the largest financial collapses of modern times. The purpose of this paper is to establish some of the key players in the economic crash of 2008, and to show some common

One topic subject to never-ending debate that is reviewed, revised, then and disputed among scholars, is the market and the economy. In the book, "The Mind and The Market" by Jerry Muller (2002), he discusses the different viewpoints of scholars about capitalism in the market and the influence society holds on it. This writing is comprised of summaries of several reviews from a variety of authors, which will include their viewpoints, their criticism, and an overall review from Muller 's work. These authors include Brian Fox, Patrick Murray, Charles Tilly, and Fritz Ringer. Each author originates from respected and prestigious journals from different universities, programs, and other education systems. All intellectuals are experts in their field of study with a background in either philosophy, history, or economy, making their viewpoints meaningful, insightful, and relevant. Following the summary of each review will be a comparison and contrasting piece, continuing into an evaluation addressing if they captured the book in an appropriate way. Concluding the essay will have an input of my own personal review of the book. As shown, the reviews vary with their personal opinions regarding the positives and negatives of Muller 's work.

In the book, Naked Economics: Undressing the Dismal Science, Charles Wheelan is able to explain the complex science of economics in a way that makes it easy to understand and fun to read. Charles Wheelan connects current economic situations to past ones, like how recessions occur and how they can be ended or prevented. He also talks about how the Fed closely watches interest rates and inflation, and the relationship between inflation and money supply. Even though these topics are very important Charles Wheelan discusses many different interesting topics and that is why this book is an excellent book to help you understand this difficult topic.

The Global Financial Crisis, also known as The Great Recession, broke out in the United States of America in the middle of 2007 and continued on until 2008. There were many factors that contributed to the cause of The Global Financial Crisis and many effects that emerged, because the impact it had on the financial system. The Global Financial Crisis started because of house market crash in 2007. There were many factors that contributed to the housing market crash in 2007. These factors included: subprime mortgages, the housing bubble, and government policies and regulations. The factors were a result of poor financial investments and high risk gambling, which slumped down interest rates and price of many assets. Government policies and regulations were made in order to attempt to solve the crises that emerged; instead the government policies made backfired and escalated the problem even further.

On the cover of the book the reader sees the animal spirits riding and driving the ups and downs of the economy and that is the basic message of the book. ‘Animal spirits’ was a term created by Keynes and they were in fact the five intellectual and social psychological core phenomena explained in the book by the authors, Akerloff and Shiller. The first animal spirit discussed in the book is confidence and it is portrayed as the foundation of economic behavior. There are moments where confidence can flourish and go beyond the rational. These times are usually considered as the ‘build-up’ times in which the second animal spirit comes into place, corruption and bad faith. The public is unaware of what is good and bad for them and due to this there are several cases in which they are deliberately misinformed about the items they purchase. This is exactly what happened with the re-packaged subprime mortgages. ‘They openly and prominently

According to the specialists, there are many reasons for this global financial crisis. We try to focus some prime reasons behind this