I. From bench to beside (1)
The development of new treatments including medicines are distinguished for being time consuming, costly and complex. However, this timely manner is beneficial for society as it meant to provide an efficient and safe medication. Concerns regarding when animal studies are necessary compared to clinical trials has been a debatable topic among society. For over a decade, animal research has served as a fundamental component in many medical findings. Mousses are commonly used in laboratories, as we as humans share nearly 95% of our genes, making them a useful and efficient model for the assistance of discovering medications used today (Grant, 2017). Bench studies should continue to be practiced by researchers as
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After all research has been conducted including the testing of all animal and human studies associated, the New Drug application is completed by the drug developer. The results provided are used by the FDA to determine whether the drug is approved or the recommendation of further testing. Finally phase four is based on the monitoring of the drug’s risks and benefits monitored by various sponsors hired by the FDA.
II. Clinical Research Ethics
Main ethical violations in clinical research that contribute to the abuse of subjects include paternalism, informed consent, lack of ethical supervision and the avoidance of legislation in relation to the ethics of health care and research. Human rights has been widely violated throughout history as seen in multiple events. As early as the 1930’s, researchers involved in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, withheld information and treatment from a large group of African American men with syphilis. Following this tragic event, Nazi concentration camps were established. German scientists conducted research with the involvement of the prisoners. Disfigurement, disabilities and death were often the results of the Nazi human experimentation. During the creation of the atomic bomb, the United States government sponsored the research of the involvement of subjects being exposed to radiation without their informed consent. In addition, James Watson and Francis Crick obtained their data of x-ray
Although many people agree with testing products on animals, they ask ‘Who else are we going to test our products on?’ Nobody! Don’t add harsh chemicals in the products and then the animals and humans are both healthier. Beyond millions of animals that die and are captured every year just from animal testing alone. Treating an animal cruelty is never okay, especially when they’re torturing the animals with harsh chemicals due to testing. If people would stand up and try to protect animals we’d be saving certain animals from becoming extinct and we’d also save a ton of money.
Jeremy Bentham once said, “The question is not, ‘Can they reason?’ nor, ‘Can they talk?’ but ‘Can they suffer?’” Animal testing is becoming a conflict right now and I believe that Animal testing should be stopped because it is cruel and inhuman, Alternative testing technologies exist, the lack of reliability, and it is expensive. Another quote once said was by Martin Luther King Jr stating “Never, never be afraid to do what’s right, especially if the well-being of a person or animal is at stake” That quote is saying why do wrong when right can be done, especially when people and animals are involved. Animals have feelings and enjoy life as much as humans do so keeping them in captivity and testing drugs on them is cruel and inhuman.
In this project ,my group members focus on the effect and alternatives of animal testing. Animal testing also known as animal experimentation or in-vivo research is the use of non-human animals in experiments, in other words, it is the procedure performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases. For example, test new medical products, to make sure it is safe for human use. There are many different species are used around the world, but the most common include mice, monkey, fish, rats, rabbits, hamsters, birds, cats, dogs. And farm animals,
As the number of animals being used in animal testing goes up, many people pose a concern about the subject. There are around 100 million animals that are killed in the United States each year alone in animal testing (“Experiments”). These animals are tested for medical training, chemical, drug, food, cosmetics, biology lessons, and even curiosity driven experiments Animals including cats, dogs, rats, guinea pigs, monkeys, and many others are used. Alternative testing options are ways that scientists can still study and research different things while also saving the lives of animals that are used in animal testing everyday. Even though many people depend on animal testing to discover different cures
Long term thinking and the invention of new technologies and cures as result of animal testing could possibly be more beneficial for the world as a whole, while short term thinking that views hurting animals for possibly no beneficial outcome would benefit the individual animals that are being tested
Animals for animal testing are given life for a short time just to have it ripped out by a scientist in a lab coat. If it was a human child that was treated in the same way nobody would stand for it, why? Because animal testing is inhumane, cruel, and morally wrong. Animal testing started with “William Harvey 400 years ago to learn how blood circulated in the body” (FAQ). In a time before medical and technological advancements it was necessary to use animals to develop cures for horrible diseases such as smallpox and polio (Cook). However, in today’s society with a cure or vaccine for over 250 known diseases, Not to mention the 10 infectious diseases that have been 90% eradicated from the Western world (Lloyd). Animal testing is becoming obsolete with the modern advancements in today’s growing world.
Because animal testing is starting to take a more distinctly negative response in today’s society, companies are searching for an alternative. Alternatives are going to be the future of animal testing; the world today is so technologically advanced that soon, society is going to be able to put animal testing to an end. There are already mandated requirements in place to ensure that the testing is not done delicately that state the “principle of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments is a legal requirement,” ( “About Animal Testing”). These rules reduce the amount of animal testing that occurs, but they do not come close to ending the practice of testing for cosmetic and research purposes. The most favored alternative that
According to the Oxford dictionary, the feeling of suffering is described as “the state of undergoing pain, distress or hardship.” But does that definition truly cover all of the grounds under which such feeling can be experienced? Animal testing involves the use of nonhuman species to research a variety of products for their positive and negative outcomes. This action is carried on for the benefit of humanity without the consideration of the animals being involved. Such act features the use of hazardous practices that harm innocent animals, leaving them psychologically and physically traumatized. Still, the research is considered practical since it’s the closest way scientists can get to analyze a living body without harming humans. Historically, animals have been used within the scientific community, and as a result began to press issues regarding what the society of today and its future hold concerning what is ethical, how animal testing has a significant role on the environment, and how domestic and foreign economics influence its continuation, modification or elimination in the United States.
Fatima walks into the cosmetic section of Macy’s and is interested in buying some acne skin care products. As she was paying for them, she notices plenty of harmful side effects the acne products contained. Fatima is glad she is aware of these symptoms and knows that these side effects are rare and that the product is almost completely safe to use. If it was not for animal testing that is currently being used in some laboratories, these side effects would have been discovered on people and that would create an unsafe environment. Less people would want to buy care products and medicine since it would be viewed as a risk instead of something helpful. Animal testing is becoming a more controversial topic, despite its many successes over the years. Since people have various misconceptions about it, such as it being an unsafe and cruel technique, it has become a more unpopular method. However, the benefits of animal research and testing have been less spread due to negative media attention, which created a bias among the public. Animal testing is a practice that has proved to be beneficial and should be continued because of the close similarity between humans and animals, the many lifesaving cures that it contributed to, and the regulation of the practice that makes it safe and humane for animals.
An increasing number of activists believe that animals have rights. However, this idea is somewhat controversial because animal activists look down upon the poor treatment of animals. They have a fear that animal testing is causing abuse and suffering to the helpless animals. Animal testing is a fairly serious matter because of all of the malfunctions and harm that leads to animal suffrage. The types of animals being used, such as rats, mice,rabbits, and chips are selected specifically for the test that is being performed. The outcomes of the test, depends on which animal is being tested and what it is being examined for. Common tests being used on animals include, medicine for human diseases, cosmetic products and their reactions, and students in training utilizing animals in educational laboratories.
“With all things being equal, the simplest explanation tends to be the right one” (William of Ockham). Animals generally are used to be tested on by researchers for a various amount of reasons. Researchers and scientists worldwide, are determined to find solutions to finding cures to diseases, and any other consumer products that include cosmetic products, that humans use. The term FDA (Food Drug Administration) was created in the year of 1906, by Theodore Roosevelt and Harvey Washington Wiley. This act was made to ensure that all consumer products are to be approved and protected by the public health before the products are released to be used by people. Animals are tested on by researchers before all consumer products are released
In the United States alone, over 100 million animals are injured and killed in the name of science. Animals are poisoned, burned, and blinded everyday in product tests for numerous industries such as household cleaning, cosmetics, and manufacturers of personal care products. Even though many companies have banned the testing of their products on animals, some corporations continue to put chemicals into animals’ eyes and onto the shaven skin without any form of pain relief. No doubt is this form of testing cruel, especially now that scientists have began developing new advanced ways to tests products that are quicker and more cost effective. These tests are also increasingly more accurate than the endangering of animals method of testing. Some
Drug testing on the animals always remained a bone of contention, since ages. In my view, animal testing is a boon and a curse for the humanity. I feel this way for few reasons, which I will explore in the following essays.
The use of animal testing has been going on for a long time. Although there have been many cases where people try to stop it or try to convince people that it is wrong in today’s society it is still happening all over the world. This research paper will talk about how in today’s society is racing to discover cures for diseases. How humans have made advancements in the world we have also established the scientific evolution. By doing so our ethics and morals have failed to progress. The knowledge that we gain throughout the years is remarkable but it is our responsibility to use it wisely and ethically. We heartlessly torture and kill animals that we consider lesser beings. For something as simple as eye makeup hundreds of animals are tortured and blinded by test that are being done to them in laboratories where they are hardly being fed, often forced to live in filth, sometimes they even remove their vocal cords to keep them quiet. We pour cosmetic products into their eye and body parts to determine if it will have a harmful effect on humans. Animal’s posses the same emotions and feelings as humans and without any care they are subjected to pain. Mankind fails to give animals respect they deserve, they are treated with lifeless. Something that needs to be changed.
All throughout the years, animal testing has been a very controversial debate, whether or not it is humane or completely cruel to the animals involved. This kind of testing on animals does not always leave the animal alive, which leaves people furious as to why scientists even test on them. New drugs most of the time are tested on animals first, but the companies that use animal testing a lot are cosmetic ones. . Animals are used mainly because their life is deemed less important than a human’s life, but how is that even true. There are many different viewpoints on why some people think that animal testing is resourceful and helpful towards humans, but there are always two sides of every story. It seems more useful to test on animals for scientific means, but not something that does not deal with science, such as cosmetics. Although some scientists and animal testing supporters believe that the positives of testing outweighs the negatives of using animals for scientific research, I argue that it should be banned for the overall cruelty