Animal Torture In Corporate Dungeons

All drugs have dangers due to certain chemicals and substances. Because of animal testing, researchers have found another alternative to testing on humans.

This research paper will evaluate the biological aspects of addictive substance or behavior and how it affects the brain and organs. Biological aspects include dopamine levels that are replaced in the brain due to the reward system being overtaken and the absorption rate of the drug once it is ingested will be discussed. The biological aspects are extensive and permanent if the individual does not get the help they need. Furthermore the clinical issues of addictive substance or behavior will be discussed along with medical treatments and ethical issues. This includes treatments such as counseling

Animal testing is a common practice in current life that is necessary to ensure the safety of the humans that will be using the tested product. There are many good and bad aspects of animal testing, but the pros clearly outweigh the cons. Animal testing has been around since ancient times when animals were dissected to gain knowledge about the body and organs. The animals killed from animal testing make up a tiny percentage of the total animals killed every year. When just considering the animals used for food compared to the animals used for testing, testing animals make up a mere 2.6 percent of that number. Public safety far outweighs the lives of the small amount of animals killed.

Certain drugs are now being studied to determine whether they can be used to limit alcohol drinking and potentially treat alcoholism. Prairie voles are now involved in drug-and-alcohol studies because of their social nature. Naltrexone, a drug currently in use for treating alcoholism, was tested on prairie voles to determine whether the animals could be used to study drug treatments for alcoholism. In this study, voles shared a cage with a same-sex sibling for five days, then were placed in a cage with a wire mesh divider between animals. During a four-day period, animals were continually given water and had access to 10% ethanol each day. Animals received injections of saline the first two days, then naltrexone or saline the last two, depending on group. Both sexes of prairie voles were affected by the drug, as there was a significant decrease in alcohol preference and dose in animals exposed to naltrexone as opposed to the saline

Dr. Anna Rose Childress performed a simple experiment with Coleman. While scanning his brain, Childress showed Coleman videos of nature and of drug use. Even after a period of “clean time,” the brains of must addicts reacted to the images of drug use. However, Coleman’s brain showed no difference. This may be a result of the Baclofen impacting his cravings, or it may be exchanging one addiction for another.

It also offers a solution to the ongoing and increasingly common pharmaceutical opiate addiction problem, and addresses concerns about the social safety of the plant. Though readers with a higher education and/or degree in associated fields may understand more vocabulary and references, anyone who reads the article will acquire a basic understanding of its’ contents.

This paper will illustrate several aspects of how drugs affect our lives. Addiction philosophies including the psychology and physiology will be explained in an attempt to describe how drugs affect our bodies both physically and mentally. Secondly, different drug categories types will be covered including: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Each of these categories has different addiction potentials and effect levels including withdrawal symptoms. Finally, the abuse of prescription drugs and their effects will be discussed.

It has become common wisdom to dismiss the Bruce Alexander work. However, Lauren Slater at the chapter Rat Park gives a quit unique and unexpected thought towards drug addicts. My whole life I heard it said that when more individuals get exposed to a drug the more addictive they become. (Slater) A few of physiologist have disclaimed and ignore Bruce Alexander’s experiment regarding drug addiction. The experiment was conducted with Mice, they were put first in a dirty and nasty cage, it turns out that the Mice on the dirty cage became extremely addicted. The Mice on another cage had a spectacular environment and the Mice refused to take the drugs. The concluded that marbles environments did not cause addiction instead it did

In the article, “Given the choice, Zebrafish willingly dose themselves with opioids”, scientists ran an experiment where they gave zebrafish a choice to willingly drug themselves with hydrocodone, an opioid used to relieve pain, to understand drug addiction and drug dependency better. They chose zebrafish because zebrafish have the same opioid receptor and neurotransmitters that humans have. The scientists got the fish addicted before taking away the drug to study withdrawal symptoms.

The majority of animal research is not drug testing but simple research and genetically modifying animals. Half of all animal experiments are conducted at universities and colleges by students. Animal use in scientific testing can be dated back to at least as far as the 17th century with the Harvey experiments aiming to demonstrate blood circulation. The Cruelty to Animals Act was passed in 1876 by parliament. This was the first legislation aimed at regulating animal experiments. Many tests often produce inaccurate or misleading results, even if a product has blinded an animal it can still be marked to you. Animal testing is no longer a justified method of testing for science for the fact of the new innovative cross-disciplinary technology,

Alexander studied whether drug addiction was caused by the drug itself or whether outside factors could have an influence on causing a person to become addicted to the drug (). During the experiment he took two groups of rats and separated them into two separate cages. Half were placed in individual cages, were the rats were completely isolated. The other half were placed in a giant enclosure they built with walls painted to look like woodlands, cedar shavings and various nest and boxes for the rats to play in. The rats in the enclosure were allowed to socially interact with each other and were given everything to provide a happy social environment, which became known as “Rat Park”. The scientists began making a sugar mixture, which intentionally would appease to the rats in attempts to make it impossible for them to resist. In the mixture contained morphine. The scientist observed that, the rats that were isolated in the metal cages started drinking the morphine-mixture at a much faster rate and higher volumes than the rats in Rat Park. Furthermore, the rats in Rat Park rarely touched the morphine, despite having easy access to it, and instead preferred to socially interact with each other rather than be under the drug’s effects. The Rat part experiment demonstrates how much environment effects a person’s vulnerability to becoming addicted to

Although, there has been successful experiments with animal testing, the percentage is low. Many drugs tested on animals that were released to humans had serious side effects and killed or harmed people effectively. Some examples of pharmaceutical drugs that were deemed safe for human use were later found to have serious side effects, like isuprel is a medication used to treat ashma - in Great Britain alone, 3,500 asthamatics died using this. This shows animal testing is in fact very dangerous to humans.

Three chimpanzees were given two injections of morphine per day, developed morphine addiction, as indicated by behavior directed toward the room in which the drug was administered and toward the syringe, by emotional outbursts, by choosing the syringe when food was the other option, and by various physiological changes. Doses were administered over periods ranging from 14 to 13 months. Animals showed signs of addiction after from 6 to 20 weeks of administration. Male animals were sexually stimulated by the drug. These results are behavioral and physiological changes associated with withdrawal were, however, these results are opposed to those found for human morphine addicts and

Addiction can come in many forms, leading to a whole array of symptoms and consequences. Addiction can impact on a person’s wellbeing, behaviour, functioning and cognitions. We have the ability to use different kinds of methods in order to find out about questions on how addiction can form, animal studies can indicate how drugs may affect humans. There have been many major advances in sophistication and complexity of animal models of addiction showing us

The use of heroin and morphine grew like wildfire after the successive extraction of morphine from the opium poppy around 200 years ago in Germany. The drug was the main painkiller and an excellent treatment for injuries. Bayer introduced heroin later 1874 and started distributing it commercially in 1898 (Courtwright & Joseph, 1989). Heroin came from morphine extracts and was up to two times stronger than morphine. Early chemists thought that morphine was appropriate for effective treatment for alcohol and cocaine addiction, but eventually found out that it was more addictive than the two. The use of the drug during the Civil War as a stimulant and painkiller resulted to too many soldier addicts even at the end of the war. The soldiers spread the use of morphine and heroin to their neighborhoods until addiction to the drugs became a crisis (Joseph & Dole, 1970).