Animal and Plants Cell Structures

The leaves of a plant are the main photosynthetic organs and are involved in gas exchange and water transportation throughout a plant (Evans et al, 17). A leaf typically consists of an upper and lower epidermis, the mesophyll cells, veins, guard cells and stomata. The mesophyll cells contains spongey cells which have large gaps between each cell to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide circulation. The mesophyll cells contain palisade cells, which are located beneath the upper epidermis. The palisade cells contain many chloroplasts, which are green organelles. Located in the internal layers of chloroplasts is the pigment chlorophyll which is involved in trapping the light energy in photosynthesis (Evans et al, 17).

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

On your own and without assistance, complete this Lab 4 Answer Sheet electronically and submit it via the Assignments Folder by the date listed in the Course Schedule (under Syllabus).

Complete Table 2 and answer Post Lab Questions 1 through 4 in complete sentences on the Week Three Lab Reporting Form.

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

The mitochondria is an organelle of a cell. It works as it was the digestive system, it’s in charge of obtaining the nutrients, then break them down, and finally, all that work is for maintaining the cell full of energy, so they would be as the power plants of the cell. The mitochondria are in charge of creating 90% of the energy that our bodies need so it can sustain life and support our growth. The mitochondria are small organelles that floats all through the cell. Some cells have many, lots of mitochondria, but others just have none; for example, the muscle cells need a lot of energy, so they contain lots of mitochondria, otherwise, neurons don’t need as much. Depending of the quantity of energy that the cell needs, mitochondria could be created.

P1 – Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. A typical animal cell is seen as a tiny, three dimensional sac which is in fact made up of many components, each as important as the other. The microstructure of an animal cell was in fact uncovered mainly through the use of both cell fractionation and electron microscopy. Each main component has its own, individual function which helps a cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The components that I will be describing include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) and ribosomes.

1. Lab reports are to be computer-generated and double-spaced. All sections of the report must

Chloroplast is an organelle. It is the cell in plants it contains chlorophyll.Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and mix it with water ,and carbon dioxide to make food and for the plant.Chloroplasts also then absorbs and collects light from the sun to produce the energy that is stored through a process called photosynthesis.Chloroplasts are one of the many organelles in the plant.In this respect they are similar to mitochondria. They are only found in plants..All organelles are surrounded by a cell membrane .They both have their own DNA, which are involved in energy metabolism; and both have reticulations, or infoldings, filling their inner spaces.Chloroplasts is commonly found in guard cells located in the plants leaves. Guard cells surround

The answer is B, lysosomes. The answer cannot be A because chloroplasts are responsible for functions within photosynthesis and do not contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down cellular components. Central vacuole, answer C, cannot be correct either because the central vacuole is responsible for holding substances such as water within plant cells, helping to support the structure of the cell. Peroxisome and glyoxysome (D and E) are also incorrect because peroxisomes are used primarily within oxidative reactions and glyoxysomes are responsible for converting

3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both circular or ovoid in shape, surrounded by double phosopholipid bilayers, have an intermembrane, and both are involved in ATP production by way of proton gradient. Also, both have ATP-synthases and electron transport chains appearing on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and on the cristae of mitochondria.

Not only is the appearance different between the two cells, but the insides are made up of different things too. First of all, both cells contain, ribosomes, cell membranes, cytoplasm, a nucleus, mitochondria, a nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus. Although these cells have lots in common they have their different organelles too. Plant cells have chloroplasts, vacuoles, and a cell wall, whereas animal cells have none of those organelles. However animal cells have organelles of their own too, such as centrioles, lysosomes, flagellla, and cilia. Plant cells have none of those organelles.

Plant cells are different than animal cells due to the fact that they need to go through photosynthesis. They are also similarly because they both have a golgi bodies/apparatus. Another difference is that plants have a cell wall and animals don’t. Another way their different is that they don’t have all the same cells. For instance animal cells have nucleolus,chromatin,vacuole, and lysosomes. While plant cells only have chloroplasts, cell wall, and lytic vacuole. Another reason they are both similar is that they both almost have all the same cells like the rough and smooth er. The cells that they both have are golgi bodies/apparatus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes,

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell with versatile operating systems (i.e. converts energy derived from foods into cellular energy e.g. ATP, Amino Acid and lipid metabolisms, iron-sulphur clusters and haem biosynthesis, and also the regulation of apoptosis) (Harbauer et al., 2014, Bolender et al., 2008, Wiedemann et al., 2004). Equally, chloroplasts are also very versatile and operates several metabolic and cellular processes (i.e. photosynthesis, amino acid and lipid metabolism, cellular signalling and

There are two major groups that cells can be grouped into to. These are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. All eukaryotic cells contain a plasma membrane, as well as cytoplasm and organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, ribosomes, a nucleus which is surrounded by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope, and secretory vesicles. There are some eukaryotic cells which contain more organelles as well as theses. Some eukaryotic cells, specifically in plants, have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles that contain stacks of granum known as thylakoid stacks. The granum contains chlorophyll, and the first stage of photosynthesis occurs here. Some eukaryotic cells contain centrioles, which are strands of protein involved in the process of mitosis and meiosis. Pant cells have a cell wall made from cellulose. This prevents the cell from bursting from too much water uptake via osmosis. Fungi do not have chloroplasts. They do have a cell wall like plant cells, but whereas the cell walls in the plant cells are made from cellulose, the cell wall in a fungal cell is made from chitin. This is a polymer made from N-acetylglucosamine.