As we discussed in class, the Iliad’s mortals lie between gods and animals in their thoughts and actions, and often struggle to overcome their baser instincts in the pursuit of god-like wisdom and power. However, the events of the Trojan War paradoxically suggest that in order to attain divine glory heroes must become increasingly bestial, slowly losing their humanity as the battle drags on. Homer makes the inhuman ferocity of his heroes obvious, most notably in frequent similes comparing various fighters to predators. These comparisons are more frequent and violent as the war escalates. During the peak of Agamemnon’s fury in battle, he is compared to “a lion [seizing] the innocent young of the running deer…and [ripping] out …show more content…
Ironically, the power bestowed upon heroes by the gods only seems to highlight the animalistic nature of fighting, as seen when Hektor, after Apollo and Zeus revive him, has “a slaver …show more content…
Although the Achaians and the Trojans place high value on honor earned in battle, multiple characters comment on the futility of war. While in combat, Menelaos angrily declares that the Trojans will never be satisfied with their accomplishments in war, directly contrasting it with more humane activities such as song and dance. Even Achilleus admits, “There [is] no gratitude given for fighting incessantly forever against your enemies…A man dies still if he has done nothing, as one who has done much” (9.316-318). However, the heroes’ recognition of the wasteful, unending nature of war is ultimately meaningless, as emotion drives them to fight even when logic would tell them to turn back. This is what separates the humans from the gods – gods have some control over their emotions, while humans, like animals, are completely beholden to them. This contrast is clearest in Book 16, where Zeus ultimately masters his own sadness over his son Sarpedon’s impending death and allows fate to take its course, while Patroklos, “in a huge blind fury” (16.685), forgets Achilleus’s orders and pursues the Trojans, leading to his demise. Thus, the human heroes lead a fundamentally tragic existence – they, like animals, are increasingly controlled by their instincts and emotions as the
The Iliad begins with the clash between Achilles and Agamemnon. Agamemnon has little, if any, respect for the gods. This is displayed by his irreverent
The ancient Greeks are known for many things, and one of them is their stories. Whether they are told through epic poetry or drama, these tales have lasted throughout the times. However, as the times change, so did the Greek ideals about heroism and society. In this essay I will be using Homer’s Iliad and Aeschylus’ Persians to illustrate the differences in society and how they affect the heroism in the literature of later periods. The Persian people are depicted in ways that makes them appear weaker than the Greeks, but time changed how this was achieved. Due to a change in the values of Greek society, the Persians were portrayed as weak with the same traits that made Achilles appear to be so strong.
This god-like behavior though is increased by the fact that these Greek heroes have “excessive manhood” which is “manifested in swift physical and mental movement”. This manhood also causes a “warlike passion” which leads to these heroes having rage that could inturn be reckless (Clarke 81). This motivates heroes because rage is a powerful emotion that has the ability to focus one’s mind on satisfying that rage. These motivations are expressed in the hero Achilles in the Iliad by Homer. He writes that Achilles is “strong, swift, and godlike” (1.129), yet he has unimaginable rage.
This epic poem eulogizes the acts of chivalry executed by the men during the Trojan War. “My friends, quit yourselves like brave men, and shun dishonour in one another’s eyes amid the stress of the battle. They that shun dishonour more often live than get killed, but they that fly save neither life nor name.” ( Homer Book 5). Agamemnon, the son of Atreus, tells the soldiers that they are to be courageous in battle and their good deeds will carry through with them until death, but that those who are glorious will seek death long after the cowards and deceivers. Those that are loyal to their society will be brought to mind as ideal and rewarded by the gods and their commonwealth. In The Iliad, Homer’s description of a noble hero is one that will have enough bravery to fight in battle. The desire the be godlike is voiced
During the call to arms of the Trojan war, rarely did you find a man who was not out for glory. Instead, they live for it. After a truce was signed between the two armies, Athena, the beautiful goddess who caused the terrible war, charges the Trojan archer Pandarus to wing an arrow at Menelaus. Because he is tempted by the fugacious glory which the goddess offers, Pandarus shoots, therefore breaking the truce.
Godly colossal Greek epic, “The Iliad” constituted by the poet named, Homer, articulate the chronicle of the Brobdingnagian Trojan War. It is swarming with the interventions of the gods enchanting their coveted mortals (humans) and altering the heterogeneous scenes of the Trojan War. In this poem, gods have an assortment of relationships with humans which include love, fornication, and mother or father relationships. Gods interact with mortals in human shapes and stimulate them. Also, gods cognize that every human is eventually destined to die and they anticipate humans to pray to them for every obstacle humans encounter. However, for humans gods are omnipotent, authoritative, dominant, and immortals, who they supplicate to if they have
A great example of this comparison can be seen in Oedipus the King and Antigone. The gods in Greek mythology ultimately have power and final
The information present supplies an immense amount of insight into life in Ancient Greece. However, Homer’s justification and glorification of war in the Iliad must be recognized and objectified to understand Homer’s true perspective on war. Therefore, war in the Iliad is justified and glorified by Homer to portray the importance of honor and dignity to warriors, its pertinence in human society, and war as the means to a peaceful afterlife. Overview In order to obtain a complete and well developed understanding of the glorification of war in the Iliad, its reasons and justification must be explained.
The Iliad: Book I, is about the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon in the beginning of the Trojan War. It shows how vigorous Achilles’ rage was and that he is no one to mess with. The book states “Peleus’ son Achilles, murderous, doomed”. This shows his fury in just a few words. Achilles was a Greek hero who was the son of a Goddess named Thetis. He was an incredible solder; brave, violent and godlike. However, Agamemnon was the commander of the Achaean Army. He was greedy, aggressive and selfish. He was described as “the most grasping man alive”. He absolutely hated Achilles. I feel that he was jealous of how respected Achilles was among the ranks in the army because of his superior skills in the field of battle. Agamemnon claimed Chryseis as his prize, after sacking a Trojan town. Chryseis was a daughter of a Priest of Apollo, Chryses. He offered an enormous ransom to get his daughter back. At first Agamemnon didn’t want it but the people round him persuaded him that it would be best to let her go so they could be released from the plague that Apollo put on them. Agamemnon then poised to Achilles that he is going to steal Achilles prize, Briseis. This is when Achilles’ rage shows at its best. He nearly draws his sword to kill Agamemnon but he is stopped by the goddess, Athena.
The idea of kleos otherwise known as glory in Greek, and honor is one of the most essential motifs of the Iliad. For many warriors depicted in the Iliad, honor was vital and personal. For many, Glory earned in battle was more important than one’s life. Glory or the lack of, was remembered long after one’s life. Possibly the greatest fundamental part of honor to the fighters of the Iliad was courage in battle as shown throughout multiple books. Throughout the course of this book we can see how different characters display these traits and how they influence the course of the war. Even though the Achaeans and Trojans are enemies they display a similar view, the acquisition of glory is more significant than life
Summertime. No school, no teachers, no worries. That’s how the kids of East Edge saw it. A time for bonfires, sleeping in, and just doing nothing. As a teen I spent my summers with my friends. I spent all my time with Morgan. So the day he went to a party I decided to go along. And when he got drunk at that party I got wasted at that party.
In Homer’s epic, the Iliad, the legendary, has no two characters that are so similar yet so different as Greek warrior, Achilles, and the Prince of Troy, Hector. Achilles is the strongest fighter in the Greek side, and Hector is the strongest Trojan. They are both put into the mold of a hero that their respective societies have put them into; however; it is evident that they are both extremely complex characters with different roles within their society and with their families, and with the gods.
Regardless of the time frame, Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s epic the Iliad share both a copious amount of similarities and differences. For example, many common themes such as heroism, fate, and destiny are apparent in both works. Within the Aeneid and the Iliad, it is seen that the wars going on during that time were glorious that is why the role of gods were significant in leading both Aeneas and Achilles and influencing fate. In both texts, it is clear from the beginning that the role of the gods is to make Aeneas and Achilles fulfill their journey The Iliad focuses on the end of the Trojan War and the damaging power, while the Aeneid is focused during the aftermath of the war and underlies the foundation for the new civilization. This paper will address and argue the comparison of the role of gods and how each of the authors representation of the gods have influence on the lives of mortals.
In ancient times, gods were a holy image in people’s mind. Each god had its own role in the universe. Such as the role of creation, the controller of the nature, and the role of the destiny control. The gods had extreme powers, and controlled everything in the world. Worshiped gods became a daily routine for ancient people. In the minds of people in ancient times, worshiped their gods were to prevent these gods became furious, and punished them with their extreme power. Even though the gods were extremely powerful, in many epic texts we could see they also had emotions and characteristics that were just like humans. However, there were still some major differences between the gods and humans.
For the ancient Greeks, culture is of the utmost importance. Greek family values are so strong that elements of tradition and culture transcend many generations. One particular tradition, literature, is a custom that has been passed down from generation to generation. Thousands of families, from their parents to their children, are told the stories of men and women who grew up and became great warriors that saved the world. These children later grew up with the goal of becoming those same heroes; they grew up wanting to save the world just like the characters in the stories. In this particular epic, we encounter the characters of Achilles and Hector, both ideal warriors; one uses his physical aptitude, the other his intellect and desire to