Animals as Instruments

There is no argument that animals have played a critical role in medical research and paved the way for antidotes, cures and remedies for humans throughout history. Aristotle, who lived back in the fourth century B.C., is one of the first to be recorded as experimenting on a living animal. Back in the 1920s there was experimental testing on dogs which gave conclusive evidence to the functions the pancreas has on producing insulin. Before this, diabetes was untreatable, unmanageable and would easily result in death in humans (The Discovery of Insulin). Although testing on animals has been beneficial to us in many instances, there are several examples that prove testing on animals has hurt rather than helped the process. Many scientists argue that the physiological makeup of an animal differs strongly from that of a human resulting in different outcomes of drugs and other experiments. There has been a strong connection between smoking and lung cancer dating back to the 1960s, however all experiments done with animals failed to show

Human’s organ structure, anatomy, metabolism, chemical and drug absorption, all differ greatly from animals (Limitations and Dangers). Animal’s bodies can handle things that the human body can not, so some of the results that come from experimenting on these animals an extremely inaccurate. In one case, the recalled diet drug “Phen-fen” caused no damage to animal hearts, while it did to humans. This is a perfect example, human bodies and animal bodies are much too different to be able to get accurate predictions every time, endangering humans in some cases, and in others, proving failed, potentially causing harm to animals for no reason. According to Dr. Richard Klausner, former director of the National Cancer Institute, “We have cured cancer in mice for decades—and it simply didn’t work in humans.” (Limitations and dangers). Testing on animals is not necessary in today’s society, with everything that scientists have access to.

Do animals feel pain? Do they suffer when in distress? Almost all animal research is conducted for better understanding of human diseases and illnesses, rarely are animals used for the benefits of animals. Is the pain felt by animals worth the advances in human understandings? I will discuss what animals are used for, why they are used, the ethical dilemma of animal research, laws relevant to the study of animal experimentation and my personal stance on the matter.

Although some people argue that animal testing has played a vital role in medical industries however, it has been proven that the majority of animal experimentation has no significant impact or breakthrough that could be beneficial to humans. This makes us question the validity of these experiments, and if they truly have any benefits. This idea is supported by Dr. Bross , the director of biostatistics at the Roswell Institute for Cancer Research who states that the conflicting animal results that have been found have never produced a single advance either in preventing or in curing cancer (as cited in Carlson, 2012, p. 398). The effort done by the scientists and doctors who care about people's health and work hard to provide safety for them

Animal experimentation can be used to gain further understanding of the biology and anatomy of that creature or even humans. The notion of animals being able to serve as a model for humans was supported by Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory in 1859 (Hawkins). Even prior to this theory, however, surgery on animals became popular in ancient

Why should animals be used for medical research? Is it because some animals are similar to humans probably. Even though animals have rights they should still be used for experiments because if scientist experiment on humans and something go wrong they could kill that human being. That is why animals should be used for medical research because they have different blood type and cells from us. Something that can easily kill us might not kill an animal, so with that they can find a way to cure the disease. In this paper I will represent alternative positions on the topic of testing, teaching and experimenting on different types of animals. I feel when testing things on different animals you get different results. When testing different animals you would get different results because some animals are provided with the help of the law to be giving pain relief. Some species are categorized based on the law. Animals that were funded by the law were the ones to get tested on.

Testing on animals has been a method used for human advancement for thousands of years. The surgery that is conducted on living beings in known as vivisection; this practice has been dated back to the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans alike, using various procedures prior to the application on human subjects. Thanks to the help of these animals, countless people have been able to survive previously untreatable diseases due to the remarkable medical advances that have been developed. Diabetes, tuberculosis, and polio are a few to name within the myriad of other medical breakthroughs. “Animal experimentation, combined with the dissection of dead humans, allowed the scientists to learn about how the human body works and ultimately led

These days, everyday items that we buy can come at a much different cost: animal experimentation. For so many years, animals were a crucial resource in furthering scientific research for human use. These human uses could be for make up merchandise, prescription and over the counter medication and how a disease makes an animal react compared to how a human has reacted. Even though some of these uses help further science, many of the tests conducted either are inhumane or simply do not work the same with humans.

Conduction of tests upon animals can date back to around 300 B.C. when two scientists performed experiments on them to better understand how our bodies work. Herophilus and Erasistratus are commonly known as the Fathers of Anatomy. These diabolical tests were very brutal because no anesthesia was administered to the animals. They were even thought to have conducted experiments on living humans (Susan Scutti, Animal Testing: A Long, Unpretty History). It may be hard to believe, but this is still a problem today. In 2010 over 97,000 animals were

Humans and animals share only about 1.16 percent of diseases in the world, which means the results from animal testing cannot be applied to humans (wikipedia.org). For instance, Dr. Richard Klausner said, “The history of cancer research has been a period of curing cancer in the mouse. We have cured mice of cancer for decades and it simply didn’t work in humans.” Additionally, Penicillin, which saved millions of lives in the 1940s, was extremely dangerous for mice. Not only diseases, but mice or other types of animals does not share anything with people; that can be the reason why the results of diseases, drugs, toxic, or other things does not fit to humans when they fit in animals. Animal experimentation does not give any profit but just takes the precious lives of animals

Throughout history, animal experimentation has played a captious role in leading to advanced medical discoveries and human benefit. However, what a profuse group of individuals tend not to perceive are the enormous numbers of animal subjects that have suffered

To begin with, animals are sentient beings and to cause them pain would be inhumane on society's part. In

Animals have been used all throughout history to test the effectiveness of medicines. Rachel Hajar discusses the history of this controversial issue. Early Greek scientists performed various experiments on animals to advance their understanding of anatomy, physiology, and other sciences. Some scientists even performed surgical procedures on animals before performing them on humans. Based on this history, we can say that it is necessary to preform experiments to advance knowledge, although those against animal testing claim the benefit to humans does not justify the harm to animals.

Around the world, an estimated 115 million animals are used in various medical research facilities per year (“Animal Testing,” n.d.). The relationship of humans and animals have been entirely interdependent since early on. Traces of animal testing have dated back to as early as 500 B.C. Even today, numerous species of animals are used for investigation throughout the world. These animals include, but are not limited to, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, birds and non-human primates such as monkeys and chimpanzees. Countless people display contradictory positions on animal practices; numerous individuals view animals as partners, while others use animals on behalf of enhancing medical practices and expanding experimental exploration. Prior research has revealed that there are a variety of explicit features that influence people to either aid or contradict the practice of using animals in medical research. Many people consider the kind of animal used, style of study being directed, and how the animals are treated in the experiment (Henry & Pulcino, 2009). Since animals have been universally tested in various fields of experimentation, the ideology of medical research has been a continuous debate within humans. This paper will present alternative positions pertaining to the topic of animal practice in medical research and conclude with a position that seems most permissible.

The world has become very advanced through scientific discoveries in the past. As time continues to progress, so does the world 's knowledge. New discoveries are made every day that help with diseases and technology. During the developments and discoveries in the scientific field, people find that the richest discoveries in health or medicine generally depend on animal testing. According to "Animal Testing in the History of Anesthesia: Now and Then, Some Stories, Some Facts," the writer says, “There are many interesting anecdotes, […] about how dogs have been loved, named and tested by many anesthesiologists, […]. However, the contribution of experiments on animals such as rabbit, monkey, mice, guinea pigs etc., also played a significant role in the evolution of both general and regional anesthesia.” (149). This means the experts use many kinds of domestic animals for animal testing, like dogs and cats, in addition to wild animals, like monkeys and mice. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. According to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals, those animals have the right to live; the other opinion supports the idea of animal testing, claiming it is an important part of research that leads to medical advancement that produces results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year, huge numbers of animals are sacrificed for science, and all of these animals, regardless of their species,