Essay On Ankylosing Spondylitis

no problems with mobility noted, patient ambulates w/o assistance, ROM of joints intact, patient pt able to rotate feet,

During your physical exam, your health care provider will for pain, limited motion, and instability.

would be a CMP to check the patient chemistry. Some other tests that the doctor may

The primary assessment of this patient is the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (ABCDE) approach. According to the ABCDE approach, it is crucial to check the airway first to see if the airway is patent. Then, check the patient’s breathing. Determining the respiratory rate, inspecting movement of the chest wall, measuring pulse oximeter and using the stethoscope to auscultate the lung sounds are the possible way to check if the breathing of the patient is sufficient (Thim et al., 2012). Next, check the circulation. Skin changes, such as check the colour and sweating, relate to the circulatory problems. Also, heart auscultation, blood pressure measuring and electrocardiography monitoring should be involved in this procedure (Thim et al., 2012). When measure the blood pressure, using the AVPU score (A for ‘alert’, V for ‘reacting to vocal stimuli’, P for ‘reacting to pain’, U for ‘unconscious’) to assess the consciousness, which is for the disability part. Moreover,

Assessments include lumbosacral intervertebral disc disorders with radiculopathy, lumbar spondylosis without myelopathy or radiculopathy and myalgia.

During the physical exam, the patient will be tested for the presence of cardiac, respiratory, liver, kidney, thyroid diseases, and atherosclerosis (Glass, 2009). The patient will also have their blood pressure checked (Glass,

One of the main goals for the patient is to protect her hip, therefore she has strict hip precautions and her right leg has been restrained to prevent sudden movement. The result of the fall assessment was a total of 5. The patient is not confused, disoriented, or impulsive. She is calm, cooperative, and happy to continue to progress. The patient does not suffer from dizziness and is not taking benzodiazepines or anticonvulsants. However, the patient has altered elimination, which is a score of 1 and was unable to rise without assistance at the moment giving her a score of 4. The patient is at a high risk for falls. Altered elimination related to inability to walk to

Physical examination: clinicians checked lesions and other signs on the body parts and it is used to identified any signs

2010). The patient history diagnosis is the first approach, sensation, reflexes and strength are examined, this is because sciatica is mainly diagnosed by its particular pain symptoms (Pullman-Mooar, 2013). The physical examination is dependent on neurological testing (Koes et al. 2007). If the pain is continual for more than six weeks after the patient history is taken, a physical examination will be completed (Pullman-Mooar, 2013). Imaging is used to distinguish if nerve root compression is visible initiated by a herniated disc (Jarvik et al. 2002). The Lasegue’s sign or most commonly known as the straight-leg-raising test is frequently used (Valat et al. 2010). A test conducted by Deville et al. 2000 demonstrates that the straight-leg-raising test has a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 26.4%, whereas the crossed straight-leg test has a sensitivity of 29% and a specificity of 88%. No tests have been conducted that have resulted in both a high sensitivity and a high specificity. Other diagnostic tests include the computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are used to diagnose physical defects that cause sciatica (Pullman-Mooar, 2013). As well as, electromyography, evoked potential testing, nerve conduction velocity testing and myelography. Yet, since the popularity of the MRI is increasing, myelography use is decreasing. Problems in

The aging process and/or osteoarthritis contribute to decreased hand function; hand function disability causes a decrease in one or more activities of daily living. Jar and bottle opening is one of the most difficult activities of daily living for the elderly population. Studies with elderly adults have been performed, but no studies have included the elderly with known hand limitations. Occupational therapists use mostly a biomedical and adaptive equipment approach in the elderly with hand osteoarthritis, which is not a balanced plan of care that is client-centered and occupation-based. Studies show the elderly populations do not always utilize the adaptive equipment over time. The desire is to use a “hands-on approach” in fabricating one’s own adaptive equipment in occupational therapy treatment; the belief is this would improve acceptance and compliance by the user, and also enhance the adaptive skills of the client with changing hand function. The

Ankylosis is a noun. The pathology of the word means “abnormal adhesion of the bones of a joint. The anatomy of the word means “The union or consolidation of two or more bones or other hard tissues into one.” Spondylosis is also a noun. The pathology of the word means “inflammation of the vertebrae”. (wordreference.com) This disease is classified along with the seronegative spondyloarthritic diseases. SA is a cronic, inflammatory disease the primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine.

O: mild grimace on her face; sitting strait up on the exam able without the support; tender over the left side of the lumbar spine, Full lower lumbar ROM with some pain; able to perform heel and toe walks; negative straight leg raise; no impairment of NVS; DTR 2+to bilateral lower extremities

Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis are both, obviously, some of the many forms of arthritis. According to my Health Science teacher’s marvelous powerpoint, Osteoarthritis is “a progressive roughening of normally smooth cartilage, eventually wearing it away,” and Rheumatoid Arthritis is “an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks healthy joint tissues.” The major difference between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis is the way they are brought on, or caused. Osteoarthritis is more self-inflicted than Rheumatoid Arthritis. To elaborate, Osteoarthritis is caused by one’s overuse of a certain joint and some of the many risk factors of this are: being overweight, aging, and joint injury. Rheumatoid Arthritis, however, cannot be

Ankylosing spondylitis is caused by a malfunction of the immune system, in which immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body - in this case, the vertebrae. Scientists are not sure why this happens, but the nature of AS puts it in the category of “autoimmune diseases”.

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a disease also known as AS. It is an inflammatory disease that affects the mobility of the vertebrae in the spine and ribs. Ankylosis means “fusion” and Spondylitis means “inflammation of the spine”. This disease causes some of the vertebrae in the spine to fuse together. There is also inflammation in the spinal joints. This causes extreme pain and discomfort. There is the chance in more advanced cases for new bone to form on the spine, which leads to the spine fusing into a curved unmovable position called kyphosis. There is no cure for AS, but measures can be taken to ensure a decrease in pain and allow more comfort for those diagnosed.